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arXiv 1601.02587astro-ph.EP
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HST WFC3 transit光变曲线中边缘化的仪器系统

Marginalising instrument systematics in HST WFC3 transit lightcurves

H. R. Wakeford, D. K. Sing, T. Evans, D. Deming, A. Mandell

摘要:

哈勃空间望远镜3号宽视场照相机在1.1-1.7 $μ$ m的红外观测主要探测1.4 $μ$ m的H $_2$ O吸收带,并提供了广泛系外行星的低分辨率透射光谱。我们介绍了基于Gibson(2014)的边缘化应用,以分析从HST WFC 3获得的系外行星凌日光变曲线,以更好地确定重要的凌日参数,如R $_p$ /R $_*$,这对H $_2$ O的准确探测很重要。我们近似的证据,通常被称为边际似然,使用赤池信息准则(AIC)的系统模型的网格。然后,我们计算分配给每个系统模型的基于证据的权重,并使用来自所有测试模型的信息来计算最终边缘化的传输参数,用于频带集成和光谱光变曲线,以构建透射光谱。我们发现,大多数的最高权模型包含一个校正的线性趋势的时间,以及相关的HST轨道相位的校正。我们还测试了在整个观测过程中光谱波长位置偏移的依赖性,发现光谱波长偏移$δ_λ(λ)$最能描述大多数目标的光谱光变曲线中的相关系统,而明亮目标的快速扫描速率观测需要额外的处理水平以产生稳健的透射光谱。边缘化的使用允许对仪器进行透明的解释和理解,以及对每个数据集进行统计评估的每个系统的影响,从而扩大了在系外行星大气之间进行真实和全面比较的能力。

英文摘要:

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) infrared observations at 1.1-1.7$μ$m probe primarily the H$_2$O absorption band at 1.4$μ$m, and has provided low resolution transmission spectra for a wide range of exoplanets. We present the application of marginalisation based on Gibson (2014) to analyse exoplanet transit lightcurves obtained from HST WFC3, to better determine important transit parameters such as R$_p$/R$_*$, important for accurate detections of H$_2$O. We approximate the evidence, often referred to as the marginal likelihood, for a grid of systematic models using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). We then calculate the evidence-based weight assigned to each systematic model and use the information from all tested models to calculate the final marginalised transit parameters for both the band-integrated, and spectroscopic lightcurves to construct the transmission spectrum. We find that a majority of the highest weight models contain a correction for a linear trend in time, as well as corrections related to HST orbital phase. We additionally test the dependence on the shift in spectral wavelength position over the course of the observations and find that spectroscopic wavelength shifts $δ_λ(λ)$, best describe the associated systematic in the spectroscopic lightcurves for most targets, while fast scan rate observations of bright targets require an additional level of processing to produce a robust transmission spectrum. The use of marginalisation allows for transparent interpretation and understanding of the instrument and the impact of each systematic evaluated statistically for each dataset, expanding the ability to make true and comprehensive comparisons between exoplanet atmospheres.

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