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arXiv 1012.1180astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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GJ 1214 b的APOSTLE观测:系统参数和恒星活动的证据

APOSTLE Observations of GJ 1214b: System Parameters and Evidence for Stellar Activity

P. Kundurthy, E. Agol, A. C. Becker, R. Barnes, B. Williams, A. Mukadam

摘要:

我们提出了GJ 1214 b的三次凌日,作为Apache Point Observatory Survey of Transit Lightcurves of Exoplanets(APOSTLE)的一部分。我们使用APOSTLE r-波段光变曲线与先前收集的数据GJ 1214 b重新推导系统参数。通过使用参数,如过境持续时间和入口/出口长度,我们能够减少拟合过境模型中的参数之间的退化,这是马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗技术通常用于量化测量参数的不确定性的优选条件。对多波长数据集的联合分析证实了早期对系统参数的估计,包括行星轨道周期,行星与恒星半径比和恒星密度。我们拟合了GJ 1214的光度光谱能量分布,导出了恒星的光度,然后用它导出了它的绝对质量和半径。根据这些恒星的性质和先前公布的径向速度数据,我们能够精确估计行星GJ 1214 b的绝对参数。从我们的研究得出的过境时间没有证据表明强过境时间变化。我们呈现的一些光变曲线显示了我们认为是由于恒星活动造成的特征。在第一个晚上,我们观察到GJ 1214的食外通量上升,具有通常与恒星耀斑相关的特征性快速上升指数衰减形状。在第二天晚上,我们观察到凌日期间有轻微的增亮,我们认为这可能是由于行星遮蔽了恒星盘上的一个星点造成的。

英文摘要:

We present three transits of GJ 1214b, observed as part of the Apache Point Observatory Survey of Transit Lightcurves of Exoplanets (APOSTLE). We used APOSTLE r-band lightcurves in conjunction with previously gathered data of GJ 1214b to re-derive system parameters. By using parameters such as transit duration and ingress/egress length we are able to reduce the degeneracies between parameters in the fitted transit model, which is a preferred condition for Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques typically used to quantify uncertainties in measured parameters. The joint analysis of this multi-wavelength dataset confirms earlier estimates of system parameters including planetary orbital period, the planet-to-star radius ratio and stellar density. We fit the photometric spectralenergy distribution of GJ 1214 to derive stellar luminosity, which we then use to derive its absolute mass and radius. From these derived stellar properties and previously published radial velocity data we were able to refine estimates of the absolute parameters for the planet GJ 1214b. Transit times derived from our study show no evidence for strong transit timing variations. Some lightcurves we present show features that we believe are due to stellar activity. During the first night we observed a rise in the out-of-eclipse flux of GJ 1214 with a characteristic fast-rise exponential decay shape commonly associated with stellar flares. On the second night we observed a minor brightening during transit, which we believe might have been caused by the planet obscuring a star-spot on the stellar disk.

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