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arXiv 1503.07020astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR
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边缘变暗和系外行星:测试恒星模型大气和识别transit参数的偏差

Limb darkening and exoplanets: testing stellar model atmospheres and identifying biases in transit parameters

Néstor Espinoza, Andrés Jordán

摘要:

临边变暗是确定凌日光变曲线形状的基础,通常由各种定律来模拟,这些定律将正在凌日的恒星的强度分布参数化。面对凌日光变曲线,一些作者固定这些定律的参数,即所谓的边缘变暗系数(LDCs),而另一些作者则倾向于让它们在光变曲线拟合过程中浮动。然而,这些策略中的哪一个是最好的策略,仍然不清楚,以及这些策略中的每一个如何以及在多大程度上可以使检索到的过境参数产生偏差。在这项工作中,我们试图澄清这些点,首先重新计算这些最不发达国家,比较它们的测量值从开普勒过境光变曲线使用的算法,考虑到不确定性的几何形状的过境和恒星主机的参数。我们发现,有显着偏离预测模型值,表明我们的理解肢体变暗仍然需要改进。然后,我们通过模拟表明,如果使用二次边缘变暗法参数化边缘变暗,固定和拟合的最不发达国家可能会导致显着的偏见-高达$\sim 3\%$和$\sim 1\%$在$R_p/R_*$,分别-这是重要的几个确认和候选系外行星。我们的结论是,在这种情况下,最好的办法是让最不发达国家在安装程序中自由。战略,以避免偏见的数据,从目前和未来的任务,涉及高精度测量过境参数的描述。

英文摘要:

Limb-darkening is fundamental in determining transit lightcurve shapes, and is typically modeled by a variety of laws that parametrize the intensity profile of the star that is being transited. Confronted with a transit lightcurve, some authors fix the parameters of these laws, the so-called limb-darkening coefficients (LDCs), while others prefer to let them float in the lightcurve fitting procedure. Which of these is the best strategy, however, is still unclear, as well as how and by how much each of these can bias the retrieved transit parameters. In this work we attempt to clarify those points by first re-calculating these LDCs, comparing them to measured values from Kepler transit lightcurves using an algorithm that takes into account uncertainties in both the geometry of the transit and the parameters of the stellar host. We show there are significant departures from predicted model values, suggesting that our understanding of limb-darkening still needs to improve. Then, we show through simulations that if one uses the quadratic limb-darkening law to parametrize limb-darkening, fixing and fitting the LDCs can lead to significant biases -up to $\sim 3\%$ and $\sim 1\%$ in $R_p/R_*$, respectively-, which are important for several confirmed and candidate exoplanets. We conclude that, in this case, the best approach is to let the LDCs be free in the fitting procedure. Strategies to avoid biases in data from present and future missions involving high precision measurements of transit parameters are described.

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