We study an effective field theory describing CP-violation in a scalar meson sector. We write the simplest interaction that we can imagine, $${\cal L}\sim ε_{i_1\cdots i_5}ε^{μ_1\cdotsμ_4}ϕ_{i_1}\partial_{μ_1}ϕ_{i_2}\partial_{μ_2}ϕ_{i_3}\partial_{μ_3}ϕ_{i_4}\partial_{μ_4}ϕ_{i_5}$$ which involves 5 scalar fields. The theory describes CP-violation only when it contains scalar fields representing mesons such as the $K^*_0$, sigma, $f_0$ or $a_0$. If the fields represent pseudo-scalar mesons, such as B, K and $π$ mesons then the Lagrangian describes anomalous processes such as $KK\to πππ$. We speculate that the field theory contains long lived excitations corresponding to $Q$-ball type domain walls expanding through space-time. In an 1+1 dimensional, analogous, field theory we find an exact, analytic solution corresponding to such solitons. The solitons have a U(1) charge $Q$, which can be arbitrarily high, but oddly, the energy behaves as $Q^{2/3}$ for large charge, thus the configurations are stable under disintegration into elementary charged particles of mass $m$ with $Q=1$. We also find analytic complex instanton solutions which have finite, positive Euclidean action.
Collision Induced Decays of Electroweak Solitons: Fermion Number Violation with Two Initial Particles
本文介绍了与E. Farhi，J. Goldstone，and A. [1]中所描述的。我们考虑一个变种的标准电弱理论中的希格斯部门已被修改，使有一个经典稳定的弱尺度孤子。我们探讨了涉及孤子衰变的费米子数破坏过程。一个孤子可以通过隧穿在sphaleron势垒之下而衰减，或者如果能量足够使势垒被穿过，则该衰减可以是碰撞诱导的。我们讨论了闵可夫斯基空间运动方程的经典解，其中孤子被入射脉冲踢过势垒。然后，我们考虑一个极限，在这个极限中，我们可以可靠地估计与单个W玻色子碰撞引起的孤子衰减的幅度。这个振幅依赖于g，类似于exp[-cg^（-1/3）]，并且大于在相同极限下通过隧穿的自发衰变的振幅。最后我们证明了在孤立子衰变中，会异常产生轻SU（2）_L二重态费米子。因此，我们有一个两体过程的计算与能量以上的sphaleron势垒，费米子数是违反。
Revisiting the Wess-Zumino-Witten Term in Nuclear and Quark Matter under Magnetic Fields and Rotation
National Institute of Technology, Oyama College（小山国立高等专门学校）；Yamagata University（山形大学）；Keio University（庆应义塾大学）；Hiroshima University（广岛大学）；Kitasato University（北里大学）
