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arXiv 1511.03401cond-mat.other
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多模态扭振子研究和~ 4 He超固态的证据

Multiple Mode Torsional Oscillator Studies and Evidence for Supersolidity in Bulk 4He

Anna Eyal, Xiao Mi, Artem V. Talanov, John D. Reppy

摘要:

Kim和Chan(KC)发现,在低于0.2 K的温度下,含有固体$^4$ He样品的扭转振荡器(TO)的周期异常减小,最初被解释为一小部分固体转动惯量与TO的超流样解耦。这些实验似乎证实了切斯特、安德烈耶夫和莱格特30年前的理论预言,即固态$^4$ He中存在低温玻色凝聚超固相。KC的初步结果导致了一系列的实验和理论活动,他们的散装$^4$ He样品的结果很快在一些实验室得到了证实。然而,这一领域的早期兴奋已经被以下认识所冲淡:固态氦$^4$的剪切模量的异常可以解释早期TO实验中观察到的大部分(如果不是全部的话)周期变化。原则上,通过使用多频率扭转振荡器,可以在实验上区分剪切模量引起的周期偏移和由其他物理机制引起的周期偏移。本文将讨论我们最近的研究结果与块体固体$^4$ He的双和三模式TO,使用开放的圆柱形细胞和环形细胞。在这些实验中,我们已经观察到一个小的频率无关的贡献的周期移位信号,如可能是预期在超固相的存在下。由于固体的弹性性质和TO的力学之间的相互作用可能是微妙的,并取决于TO的具体设计,我们将详细讨论我们的测量中使用的TO的力学,应用分析和有限元方法(FEM)进行分析。

英文摘要:

The discovery by Kim and Chan (KC) of an anomalous decrease in the period of torsional oscillators (TO) containing samples of solid $^4$He at temperatures below 0.2 K was initially interpreted as a superfluid-like decoupling of a fraction of the solid moment of inertia from the TO. These experiments appeared to confirm the thirty-year-old theoretical prediction by Chester, Andreev, and Leggett of the existence of a low-temperature Bose-condensed supersolid phase in solid $^4$He. The initial results of KC lead to a flurry of experimental and theoretical activity and their results for bulk $^4$He samples were soon confirmed in a number of laboratories. The early excitement in this field, however, has been tempered by the realization that an anomaly in the shear modulus of solid helium $^4$He may explain most if not all of the period shifts observed in the early TO experiments. In principle, it is possible to distinguish experimentally between shear modulus induced period shifts and period shifts resulting from other physical mechanisms through the use of multiple frequency torsional oscillators. In this paper we shall discuss our recent results on bulk solid $^4$He with double and triple mode TOs, using both open cylindrical cells and annular cells. In these experiments, we have observed a small frequency independent contribution to the period shift signal such as might be expected in the presence of a supersolid phase. Since the interplay between the elastic properties of the solid and the mechanics of TOs can be subtle and depends on the specific design of the TO, we shall discuss in detail the mechanics of the TOs employed in our measurements applying both analytic and finite element methods (FEM) for the analysis.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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