The way from microscopic many-particle theory to macroscopic hydrodynamics
Rudolf Haussmann
备注：
Topical Review, 48 pages, 0 figures. This is a version in German language. A few errors have been corrected: On the right-hand sides of equations (7.59)-(7.61) a factor two has been added
发表信息：
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 28, 113001 (2016)
Starting from the microscopic description of a normal fluid in terms of any kind of local interacting many-particle theory we present a well defined step by step procedure to derive the hydrodynamic equations for the macroscopic phenomena. We specify the densities of the conserved quantities as the relevant hydrodynamic variables and apply the methods of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics with projection operator techniques. As a result we obtain time-evolution equations for the hydrodynamic variables with three kinds of terms on the right-hand sides: reversible, dissipative and fluctuating terms. In their original form these equations are completely exact and contain nonlocal terms in space and time which describe nonlocal memory effects. Applying a few approximations the nonlocal properties and the memory effects are removed. As a result we find the well known hydrodynamic equations of a normal fluid with Gaussian fluctuating forces. In the following we investigate if and how the time-inversion invariance is broken and how the second law of thermodynamics comes about. Furthermore, we show that the hydrodynamic equations with fluctuating forces are equivalent to stochastic Langevin equations and the related Fokker-Planck equation. Finally, we investigate the fluctuation theorem and find a modification by an additional term.
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Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)（意大利国家光学研究所，意大利国家研究委员会）；Department of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy（皇家军事学院数学系）；Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)（复杂系统研究所，意大利国家研究委员会）；INFN, Sezione di Firenze（意大利国家核物理研究所佛罗伦萨分部）；SISSA（的里雅斯特高级研究学院）
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