Our main theorem is in the generality of the axioms of Hilbert space, and the theory of unbounded operators. Consider two Hilbert spaces such that their intersection contains a fixed vector space D. It is of interest to make a precise linking between such two Hilbert spaces when it is assumed that D is dense in one of the two; but generally not in the other. No relative boundedness is assumed. Nonetheless, under natural assumptions (motivated by potential theory), we prove a theorem where a comparison between the two Hilbert spaces is made via a specific selfadjoint semibounded operator. Applications include physical Hamiltonians, both continuous and discrete (infinite network models), and operator theory of reflection positivity.
Unbounded order convergence has lately been systematically studied as a generalization of almost everywhere convergence to the abstract setting of vector and Banach lattices. This paper presents a duality theory for unbounded order convergence. We define the unbounded order dual (or uo-dual) $X_{uo}^\sim$ of a Banach lattice $X$ and identify it as the order continuous part of the order continuous dual $X_n^\sim$. The result allows us to characterize the Banach lattices that have order continuous preduals and to show that an order continuous predual is unique when it exists. Applications to the…
Affiliated and normal operators in octonion Hilbert spaces are studied. Theorems about their properties and of related algebras are demonstrated. Spectra of unbounded normal operators are investigated.
We introduce unbounded strongly irreducible operators and transitive operators. These operators are related to a certain class of indecomposable Hilbert representations of quivers on infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. We regard the theory of Hilbert representations of quivers is a generalization of the theory of unbounded operators. A non-zero Hilbert representation of a quiver is said to be transitive if the endomorphism algebra is trivial. If a Hilbert representation of a quiver is transitive, then it is indecomposable. But the converse is not true. Let $Γ$ be a quiver whose underlying und…
We examine densely defined (but possibly unbounded) multiplication operators in Hilbert function spaces possessing a complete Nevanlinna-Pick (CNP) kernel. For such a densely defined operator $T$, the domains of $T$ and $T^*$ are reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces contractively contained in the ambient space. We study several aspects of these spaces, especially the domain of $T^*$, which can be viewed as analogs of the classical deBranges-Rovnyak spaces in the unit disk.
Few years ago Găvruţa gave the notions of $K$-frame and atomic system for a linear bounded operator $K$ in a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ in order to decompose $\mathcal{R}(K)$, the range of $K$, with a frame-like expansion. These notions are here generalized to the case of a densely defined and possibly unbounded operator on a Hilbert space $A$ in a continuous setting, thus extending what have been done in a previous paper in a discrete framework.
Weaving Hilbert space frames have been introduced recently by Bemrose et al. to deal with some problems in distributed signal processing. In this paper, we survey this topic from the viewpoint of the duality principle, so we obtain new properties in weaving frame theory related to dual frames. Specifically, we give some sufficient conditions under which a frame with its canonical dual, alternate duals or approximate duals constitute some concrete pairs of woven frames. Moreover, we survey the stability of weaving frames under perturbations and different operators.
We characterize diagonals of unbounded self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space H that have only discrete spectrum, i.e., with empty essential spectrum. Our result extends the Schur-Horn theorem from a finite dimensional setting to an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, analogous to Kadison's theorem for orthogonal projections, Kaftal and Weiss' results for positive compact operators, and Bownik and Jasper's characterization for operators with finite spectrum. Furthermore, we show that if a symmetric unbounded operator E on H has a nondecreasing unbounded diagonal, then any sequence that weak…
We introduce and study the class of unbounded DunfordPettis operators. As consequences, we give basic properties and derive interesting results about the duality, domination problem and relationship with other known classes of operators.
Improving and extending the concept of dual for frames, fusion frames and continuous frames, the notion of dual for continuous fusion frames in Hilbert spaces will be studied. It will be shown that generally the dual of c-fusion frames may not be defined. To overcome this problem, the new concept namely Q-dual for c-fusion frames will be defined and some of its properties will be investigated.
In a previous paper, the authors introduced the idea of a symmetric pair of operators as a way to compute self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators. In brief, a symmetric pair consists of two densely defined linear operators $A$ and $B$, with $A \subseteq B^\star$ and $B \subseteq A^\star$. In this paper, we will show by example that symmetric pairs may be used to deduce closability of operators and sometimes even compute adjoints. In particular, we prove that the Malliavin derivative and Skorokhod integral of stochastic calculus are closable, and the closures are mutually adjoint. We als…
The Kasparov absorption (or stabilization) theorem states that any countably generated Hilbert C*-module is isomorphic to a direct summand in the standard module of square summable sequences in the base C*-algebra. In this paper, this result will be generalized by incorporating a densely defined derivation on the base C*-algebra. This leads to a differentiable version of the Kasparov absorption theorem. The extra compatibility assumptions needed are minimal: It will only be required that there exists a sequence of generators with mutual inner products in the domain of the derivation. The diffe…
We present an extension of Naimark's duality principle which states that complete systems in a Hilbert space are projections of $ω$-linearly independent systems of elements of an ambient Hilbert space. This result is presented in the context of other known extensions of Naimark's theorem.
We study and compare the gap and the Riesz topologies of the space of all unbounded regular operators on Hilbert C*-modules. We show that the space of all bounded adjointable operators on Hilbert C*-modules is an open dense subset of the space of all unbounded regular operators with respect to the gap topology. The restriction of the gap topology on the space of all bounded adjointable operators is equivalent with the topology which is generated by the usual operator norm. The space of regular selfadjoint Fredholm operators on Hilbert C*-modules over the C*-algebra of compact operators is path…
In this paper the concept of unbounded Fredholm operators on Hilbert C*- modules over an arbitrary C*-algebra is discussed and the Atkinson theorem is generalized for bounded and unbounded Feredholm operators on Hilbert C*-modules over C*-algebras of compact operators. In the framework of Hilbert C*-modules over C*-algebras of compact operators, the index of an unbounded Fredholm operator and the index of its bounded transform are the same.
Some preliminaries and basic facts regarding unbounded Wiener-Hopf operators (WH) are provided. WH with rational symbols are studied in detail showing that they are densely defined closed and have finite dimensional kernels and deficiency spaces. The latter spaces as well as the domains and ranges are explicitly determined. A further topic concerns semibounded WH. Expressing a semibounded WH by a product of a closable operator and its adjoint this representation allows for a natural self-adjoint extension. It is shown that it coincides with the Friedrichs extension. Polar decomposition gives r…
In this paper we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the nonnegativity of Moore-Penrose inverses of unbounded Gram operators between real Hilbert spaces. These conditions include statements on acuteness of certain closed convex cones. The main result generalizes the existing result for bounded operators [11, Theorem 3.6].
Using the Spectral Theorem for unbounded self-adjoint operators we prove that any countable family of Lagrangian subspaces of a symplectic Hilbert space admits a common complementary Lagrangian.
We analyze the concepts of analytically weak solutions of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) in Hilbert spaces with time-dependent unbounded operators and give conditions for existence and uniqueness of such solutions. Our studies are motivated by a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) arising in industrial mathematics.
A classical theorem of von Neumann asserts that every unbounded self-adjoint operator $A$ in a separable Hilbert space $H$ is unitarily equivalent to an operator $B$ in $H$ such that $D(A)\cap D(B)=\{0\}$. Equivalently this can be formulated as a property for nonclosed operator ranges. We will show that von Neumann's theorem does not directly extend to the nonseparable case. In this paper we prove a characterisation of the property that an operator range $\mathcal{R}$ in a general Hilbert space $H$ admits a unitary operator $U$ such that $U\mathcal{R}\cap\mathcal{R}=\{0\}$. This allows us to s…
Let $E$ and $F$ be Hilbert $C^*$-modules over a $C^*$-algebra $\CAlg{A}$. New classes of (possibly unbounded) operators $t:E\to F$ are introduced and investigated. Instead of the density of the domain $\Def(t)$ we only assume that $t$ is essentially defined, that is, $\Def(t)^\bot=\{0\}$. Then $t$ has a well-defined adjoint. We call an essentially defined operator $t$ graph regular if its graph $\Graph(t)$ is orthogonally complemented in $E\oplus F$ and orthogonally closed if $\Graph(t)^{\bot\bot}=\Graph(t)$. A theory of these operators is developed. Various characterizations of graph regular …
If $K$ and $L$ are mutually dual closed convex cones in a Hilbert space with the metric projections onto them denoted by $P_K$ and $P_L$ respectively, then the following two assertions are equivalent: (i) $P_K$ is isotone with respect to the order induced by $K$ (i. e. $v-u\in K$ implies $P_Kv-P_Ku\in K$); (ii) $P_L$ is subadditive with respect to the order induced by $L$ (i. e. $P_Lu+P_Lv-P_L(u+v)\in L$ for any $u, v \in \R^n$). This extends the similar result of A. B. Németh and the author for Euclidean spaces. The extension is essential because the proof of the result for Euclidean spaces i…
A new geometric proof of the spectral theorem for unbounded self-adjoint operators A in a Hilbert space H is given based on a splitting of A in positive and negative parts A+ and A-. For both operators A+ and A- the spectral family can be defined immediately and then put together to become the spectral family of A.
We present unified approach to obtain sharp mean-squared and multiplicative inequalities of Hardy-Littlewood-Polyá and Taikov types for multiple closed operators acting on Hilbert space. We apply our results to establish new sharp inequalities for the norms of powers of the Laplace-Beltrami operators on compact Riemmanian manifolds and derive the well-known Taikov and Hardy-Littlewood-Polyá inequalities for functions defined on $d$-dimensional space in the limit case. Other applications include the best approximation of unbounded operators by linear bounded ones and the best approximation of o…
We introduce unbounded multipliers on operator spaces. These multipliers generalize both, regular operators on Hilbert C*-modules and (bounded) multipliers on operator spaces.
We show that if the conclusion of the well known Stampacchia Theorem, on variational inequalities, holds on a Banach space X, then X is isomorphic to a Hilbert space. Motivated by this we obtain a relevant result concerning self-dual Banach spaces and investigate some connections between existing notions of orthogonality and self-duality. Moreover, we revisit the notion of the cosine of a linear operator and show that it can be used to characterize Hilbert space structure. Finally, we present some consequences of our results to quadratic forms and to evolution triples.
A well-known result of W. Ray asserts that if $C$ is an unbounded convex subset of a Hilbert space, then there is a nonexpansive mapping $T$: $C\to C$ that has no fixed point. In this paper we establish some common fixed point properties for a semitopological semigroup $S$ of nonexpansive mappings acting on a closed convex subset $C$ of a Hilbert space, assuming that there is a point $c\in C$ with a bounded orbit and assuming that certain subspace of $C_b(S)$ has a left invariant mean. Left invariant mean (or amenability) is an important notion in harmonic analysis of semigroups and groups int…
Let $L$ be an unbounded linear operator in a real Hilbert space $H$, a generator of $C_0$ semigroup, and $g:H\to H$ be a $C^2_{loc}$ nonlinear map. The DSM (dynamical systems method) for solving equ$ $F(v):=Lv+gv=0$ consists of solving the Cauchy problem $\dot {u}=Φ(t,u)$, $u(0)=u_0$, where $Φ$ is a suitable operator, and proving that i) $\exists u(t) \quad \forall t>0$, ii) $\exists u(\infty)$, and iii) $F(u(\infty))=0$.
In this paper we consider unbounded weighted conditional type operators on the space Lp, we give some conditions under which they are densely defined and we obtain a dense subset of the domain. Also, we get that a WCT operator is continuous if and only of it is every where defined. A description of polar decomposition, spectrum and spectral radius in this context are provided. Finally, we investigate hyperexpansive WCT operators on the Hilbert space L2. As a consequence hyperexpansive multiplication operators are investigated.
The present paper is exclusively devoted to counterexamples about commutators and self commutators of unbounded operators on a Hilbert space. As a bonus, we provide a simpler counterexample than McIntosh's famous example obtained some while ago.
A new method of verifying the subnormality of unbounded Hilbert space operators based on an approximation technique is proposed. Diverse sufficient conditions for subnormality of unbounded weighted shifts on directed trees are established. An approach to this issue via consistent systems of probability measures is invented. The role played by determinate Stieltjes moment sequences is elucidated. Lambert's characterization of subnormality of bounded operators is shown to be valid for unbounded weighted shifts on directed trees that have sufficiently many quasi-analytic vectors, which is a new p…
We prove a number of results on integrability and extendability of Lie algebras of unbounded skew-symmetric operators with common dense domain in Hilbert space. By integrability for a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, we mean that there is an associated unitary representation $\mathcal{U}$ of the corresponding simply connected Lie group such that $\mathfrak{g}$ is the differential of $\mathcal{U}$. Our results extend earlier integrability results in the literature; and are new even in the case of a single operator. Our applications include a new invariant for certain Riemann surfaces.
A bounded linear operator $ A$ on a Hilbert space $ \mathcal H $ is said to be an $ EP $ (hypo-$ EP $) operator if ranges of $ A $ and $ A^* $ are equal (range of $ A $ is contained in range of $ A^* $) and $ A $ has a closed range. In this paper, we define $EP$ and hypo-$EP$ operators for densely defined closed linear operators on Hilbert spaces and extend results from bounded operator settings to (possibly unbounded) closed operator settings.
A new method of verifying the subnormality of unbounded Hilbert space operators based on an approximation technique is proposed. Diverse sufficient conditions for subnormality of unbounded weighted shifts on directed trees are established. An approach to this issue via consistent systems of probability measures is invented. The role played by determinate Stieltjes moment sequences is elucidated. Lambert's characterization of subnormality of bounded operators is shown to be valid for unbounded weighted shifts on directed trees that have sufficiently many quasi-analytic vectors, which is a new p…
We provide sufficient and necessary conditions guaranteeing equations $(A+B)^*=A^*+B^*$ and $(AB)^*=B^*A^*$ concerning densely defined unbounded operators $A,B$ between Hilbert spaces. We also improve the perturbation theory of selfadjoint and essentially selfadjoint operators due to Nelson, Kato, Rellich, and Wüst. Our method involves the range of two-by-two matrices of the form $M_{S,T}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}\!\! I & -T\!\!\\ \!\! S& I\!\!\end{array}\right)$ that makes it possible to treat real and complex Hilbert spaces jointly.
Approximate duality of frame pairs have been investigated by Christensen and Laugesen in (Sampl. Theory Signal Image Process., 9, 2011, 77-90), with the motivation to obtain an important applications in Gabor systems, wavelets and general frame theory. In this paper we obtain some of the known results in approximate duality of frames to K-g-frames. We also obtain new K-g-frames and approximate K-g-duals from a K-g-frame and an approximate K-g-dual. Finally, we give an equivalent condition under which the subsequence of a K-g-frame still to be a K-g-frame.
Let $A$ be an unbounded operator on a Banach space $X$. It is sometimes useful to improve the operator $A$ by extending it to an operator $B$ on a larger Banach space $Y$ with smaller spectrum. It would be preferable to do this with some estimates for the resolvent of $B$, and also to extend bounded operators related to $A$, for example a semigroup generated by $A$. When $X$ is a Hilbert space, one may also want $Y$ to be Hilbert space. Results of this type for bounded operators have been given by Arens, Read, Müller and Badea, and we give some extensions of their results to unbounded operator…
The notions of Bessel sequence, Riesz-Fischer sequence and Riesz basis are generalized to a rigged Hilbert space $\D[t] \subset \H \subset \D^\times[t^\times]$. A Riesz-like basis, in particular, is obtained by considering a sequence $\{ξ_n\}\subset \D$ which is mapped by a one-to-one continuous operator $T:\D[t]\to\H[\|\cdot\|]$ into an orthonormal basis of the central Hilbert space $\H$ of the triplet. The operator $T$ is, in general, an unbounded operator in $\H$. If $T$ has a bounded inverse then the rigged Hilbert space is shown to be equivalent to a triplet of Hilbert spaces.
This paper extends two recent improvements in the Hilbert space setting of the well-known Katznelson-Tzafriri theorem by establishing both a version of the result valid for bounded representations of a large class of abelian semigroups and a quantified version for contractive representations. The paper concludes with an outline of an improved version of the Katznelson-Tzafriri theorem for individual orbits, whose validity extends even to certain unbounded representations.
This article is intended to outline some the recent work by the author on the chaoticity of some specific bakward shift unbounded operators realized as differential operators acting on some Fock-Bargmann spaces and give suficient conditions on a linear unbounded densely defined chaotic shift operator $T$ acting on a Hilbert space for the operator $T+T^*$ to be chaotic where $T^*$ is its adjoint.
Define $ A $ a unbounded self-adjoint operator on Hilbert space $ X $. Let $ \{ A_n \} $ be its resolvent approximation sequence with closed range $ \mathcal{R}(A_n) (n \in \mathrm{N}) $, that is, $ A_n (n \in \mathrm{N}) $ are all self-adjoint on Hilbert space $ X $ and \begin{equation*} \hbox{ \raise-2mm\hbox{$\textstyle s-\lim \atop \scriptstyle {n \to \infty}$}} R_λ(A_n) = R_λ(A)\quad (λ\in \mathrm{C} \setminus \mathrm{R}), \ \textrm{where} \ R_ λ(A) := (λI-A)^{-1}. \end{equation*} The Moore-Penrose inverse $ A^\dagger_n \in \mathcal{B}(X) $ is a natural approximation to the Moore-Penrose …
In this paper, we give a characterization of all closed linear operators in a separable Hilbert space which are unitarily equivalent to an integral operator in $L_2(R)$ with bounded and arbitrarily smooth Carleman kernel on $R^2$. In addition, we give an explicit construction of corresponding unitary operators.
In general, it is a non trivial task to determine the adjoint $S^*$ of an unbounded operator $S$ acting between two Hilbert spaces. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a given operator $T$ to be identical with $S^*$. In our considerations, a central role is played by the operator matrix $M_{S,T}=\left(\begin{array}{cc} I & -T\\ S & I\end{array}\right)$. Our approach has several consequences such as characterizations of closed, normal, skew- and selfadjoint, unitary and orthogonal projection operators in real or complex Hilbert spaces. We also give a self-contained proof of the f…
