In our daily lives, after shaking a salad dressing, we see the coarsening of oil droplets suspended in vinegar. Such a demixing process is observed everywhere in nature and also of technological importance. For a case of high droplet density, domain coarsening proceeds with interdroplet collisions and the resulting coalescence. This phenomenon has been explained primarily by the so-called Brownian coagulation mechanism: stochastic thermal forces exerted by molecules induce random motion of individual droplets, causing accidental collisions and subsequent interface-tension driven coalescence. Contrary to this, we demonstrate that the droplet motion is not random, but hydrodynamically driven by the composition Marangoni force due to an interfacial tension gradient produced in each droplet as a consequence of composition correlation among droplets. This alters our physical understanding of droplet coarsening in immiscible liquid mixtures on a fundamental level.
我们考虑一种乳液,其液滴中含有一个被困的物种(不溶于连续相),并通过Lifshitz-Slyozov动力学(奥斯特瓦尔德熟化)研究乳液的稳定性对粗化。扩展Kabalnov等人的早期处理(Colloids and Surfaces,24,(1987),19-32),我们推导出平均初始液滴体积的一般条件,其确保稳定性,即使在初始液滴的尺寸和组成中存在任意多分散性时。我们区分“有核”粗化,这需要在初始液滴尺寸分布的平均场方程或尾部的波动,从“spinodal”粗化,其中一个典型的液滴是局部不稳定的。Kabalnov等人先前提出的稳定性较弱的条件,仅足以防止“亚稳”粗化,并且最好被视为亚稳性的条件。被认为是不稳定的乳液的粗化,并显示在很长一段时间类似于普通乳液(没有被困物种),但与分散相的初始体积分数的值降低。我们讨论了与被困物种的乳液的稳定性相关的物理原理,描述了如何利用这些来重新稳定部分粗化的乳液和“收缩”以前形成的乳液液滴,形成“细乳液”。
Osmotic Stabilisation of Concentrated Emulsions and Foams
在没有聚结的情况下,乳液(和泡沫)的粗化由液滴/气泡之间的分散相的分子扩散控制。对稀乳状液的研究表明,液滴中被捕获物质的渗透压如何能使乳状液“渗透稳定”。Webster和Cates(Langmuir,1998,14,2068-2079)给出了在稀释状态下单分散和多分散乳液的渗透稳定的严格标准。我们认为在这里是否存在类似的标准,单分散和多分散的浓缩乳液和泡沫的渗透稳定,并建议驱动粗化的压力差是小的平均拉普拉斯压力相比。一个精确的计算证实了这一点,对于一个单分散的二维模型,发现一个气泡的压力为P_i = P + Pi + P_i^G,其中P,Pi是大气压力和渗透压,P_i^G是一个“几何压力”,它只对一个球形气泡减少到拉普拉斯压力。对于二维乳状液模型,干限下的P_i^G仅比稀限下的P_i^G大5%。我们的结论是,致密系统的渗透稳定通常需要在每个液滴中的被困分子的压力,这是相当的拉普拉斯压力相同的液滴,如果球形,而不是更大的拉普拉斯压力存在于系统中。我们研究粗化的泡沫和浓缩乳液时,有不足的被困物种存在。速率限制机制被认为是,其适用性和相关的液滴生长速率进行了讨论。在浓缩泡沫或乳液中,液滴重排的有限屈服阈值可能足以防止剩余物的粗化。
Light selects non-equilibrium states of phase-separated droplets
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal(波尔多大学、法国国家科学研究中心、保罗·帕斯卡研究中心);College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University(浙江大学生物医学工程与仪器科学学院);Institut Universitaire de France(法国高等研究院)
Active motility and wetting cooperatively regulate liquid-liquid phase separation
Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)(香港科技大学(广州)功能枢纽先进材料 thrust);Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau(澳门大学中医药学院及中药质量研究国家重点实验室);Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau(澳门大学健康科学学院药学系);Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Macau(澳门大学珠海科学技术研究院);Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo(东京大学先进科学技术研究中心);Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo(东京大学工业科学研究所基础工程系)
Non-equilibrium phase coexistence in conserved chemically active mixtures
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München(慕尼黑大学);Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience(阿诺德·索末菲理论物理中心与纳米科学中心);Max Planck School Matter to Life(马克斯·普朗克物质至生命学院)
Shear rheology of a dilute emulsion of ferrofluid droplets dispersed in a non-magnetizable carrier fluid under the influence of a uniform magnetic field