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arXiv 1509.01099math.LO
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类对策的开放决定性

Open determinacy for class games

Victoria Gitman, Joel David Hamkins

摘要:

类博弈的开放决定性原理-具有长度为$ω$的完全信息的两人博弈,其中移动是从可能的适当类中选择的,例如序数上的博弈-在Zermelo-Fraenkel集合论ZFC或Gödel-Bernays集合论GBC中是不可证明的,如果这些理论是一致的,因为可以证明在ZFC中有一个可定义的开真类博弈,没有可定义的获胜策略。事实上,类博弈的开放决定性原则,甚至仅仅是封闭决定性原则,就意味着Con(ZFC)和迭代实例Con(Con(ZFC))以及更多,因为它意味着一阶真理存在一个满足类,而对于迭代的关于真理的真理,相对于任何类参数,确实存在一个真理谓词的超限塔。根据塔斯基的真的递归定义,这也许可以用一个更一般的事实来解释,即在GBC上的闭根决定性原理完全等价于在良基类关系上的初等超限递归ETR原理。同时,类对策的开放决定性原理在Kelley-Morse集合论KM的一个适当片段GBC+ $Π^1_1$ -综合理论中是可证明的.

英文摘要:

The principle of open determinacy for class games---two-player games of perfect information with plays of length $ω$, where the moves are chosen from a possibly proper class, such as games on the ordinals---is not provable in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory ZFC or Gödel-Bernays set theory GBC, if these theories are consistent, because provably in ZFC there is a definable open proper class game with no definable winning strategy. In fact, the principle of open determinacy and even merely clopen determinacy for class games implies Con(ZFC) and iterated instances Con(Con(ZFC)) and more, because it implies that there is a satisfaction class for first-order truth and indeed a transfinite tower of truth predicates for iterated truth-about-truth, relative to any class parameter. This is perhaps explained, in light of the Tarskian recursive definition of truth, by the more general fact that the principle of clopen determinacy is exactly equivalent over GBC to the principle of elementary transfinite recursion ETR over well-founded class relations. Meanwhile, the principle of open determinacy for class games is provable in the stronger theory GBC+$Π^1_1$-comprehension, a proper fragment of Kelley-Morse set theory KM.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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