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arXiv 1509.01082astro-ph.GA
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了解分子云中的恒星形成III。天鹅座X星分子谱线的概率分布函数

Understanding star formation in molecular clouds III. Probability distribution functions of molecular lines in Cygnus X

N. Schneider, S. Bontemps, F. Motte, V. Ossenkopf, R. S. Klessen, R. Simon, S. Fechtenbaum, F. Herpin, P. Tremblin, T. Csengeri, P. C. Myers, T. Hill, M. Cunningham, C. Federrath

摘要:

柱密度(N)PDF是表征影响分子云结构的物理过程的有力工具。恒星形成云的最佳特征是对数正态分布的低N范围和幂律尾部的高N,通常归因于湍流和自重力和/或压力,分别。我们在这里报告的PDF获得的12 CO,13 CO,C18 O,CS和N2 H+在天鹅座X北地区的观测和比较PDF来自尘埃观测与赫歇尔卫星。对于Av~1-30,12 CO的PDF呈对数正态分布,但由于光学深度效应,Av越高,PDF越小。C18 O和13 CO的PDF对于Av~1-15大部分是对数正态的,其次是过量的,直到Av~40。高于该值,所有CO PDF都会下降,很可能是由于耗尽。高密度示踪剂CS和N_2H ~+仅分别在Av~15和400之间呈现幂律分布。来自灰尘的PDF对于Av~3-15是对数正态的,并且具有高达Av~500的幂律尾部。然而,分子线柱密度的绝对值是相当不确定的,由于丰度和激发温度的变化。根据尘埃的PDF值,我们将CS的分子谱线PDF值与尘埃的PDF值进行“校准”,并确定[CS]/[H2]的丰度为10^-9。CS,N2 H+和尘埃PDF的幂律尾部的斜率与细丝和团块的自由落体坍塌是一致的。一个准静态配置的细丝和团块也可能占所观察到的N-PDF,只要他们有一个充分凝聚的密度结构和外部冲压压力的气体吸积提供。N2 H+和CS的某种程度上更平坦的斜率可以反映在低柱密度下的丰度变化和/或亚热激发。

英文摘要:

Column density (N) PDFs serve as a powerful tool to characterize the physical processes that influence the structure of molecular clouds. Star-forming clouds can best be characterized by lognormal PDFs for the lower N range and a power-law tail for higher N, commonly attributed to turbulence and self-gravity and/or pressure, respectively. We report here on PDFs obtained from observations of 12CO, 13CO, C18O, CS, and N2H+ in the Cygnus X North region and compare to a PDF derived from dust observations with the Herschel satellite. The PDF of 12CO is lognormal for Av~1-30, but is cut for higher Av due to optical depth effects. The PDFs of C18O and 13CO are mostly lognormal up for Av~1-15, followed by excess up to Av~40. Above that value, all CO PDFs drop, most likely due to depletion. The high density tracers CS and N2H+ exhibit only a power law distribution between Av~15 and 400, respectively. The PDF from dust is lognormal for Av~3-15 and has a power-law tail up to Av~500. Absolute values for the molecular line column densities are, however, rather uncertain due to abundance and excitation temperature variations. Taken the dust PDF face value, we 'calibrate' the molecular line PDF of CS to the one of the dust and determined an abundance [CS]/[H2] of 10^-9. The slopes of the power-law tails of the CS, N2H+, and dust PDFs are consistent with free-fall collapse of filaments and clumps. A quasi static configuration of filaments and clumps can possibly also account for the observed N-PDFs, as long as they have a sufficiently condensed density structure and external ram pressure by gas accretion is provided. The somehow flatter slopes of N2H+ and CS can reflect an abundance change and/or subthermal excitation at low column densities.

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