天鹅座X区的JCMT ~（12）CO（3-2）巡天：I.探路者
The JCMT 12CO(3-2) Survey of the Cygnus X Region: I. A Pathfinder
摘要：
天鹅座X是天空中最复杂的区域之一。这使解释复杂化，但也创造了研究吸积成分子云和恒星形成的许多后续阶段的机会，所有这些都在一个小视场内。理解像天鹅座X这样的大型复合体是理解大质量恒星复合体在宇宙星系中发挥主导作用的关键。这项研究的主要目标是建立一个高分辨率的CO调查的整个天鹅座X区域的可行性，通过观察它的一部分作为探路者，并评估调查作为一种工具，调查恒星形成过程。利用詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦望远镜上的HARP-B和ACSIS，以15”的角分辨率和~0.4km/s的速度分辨率，在~（12）CO（3-2）线上绘制了天鹅座X区的2x 4度区域。恒星的形成过程与星际介质的生命周期密切相关。12 CO（3-2）跃迁的高临界密度揭示了分子云形成的关键阶段，并显示了将分子云转变为恒星的过程。我们观察到天鹅座X的约15%，并证明了全面调查是可行的和有益的。我们探测到三个不同的12 CO（3-2）发射层，分别与天鹅座裂谷（500-800 pc）、W75 N（1-1.8 kpc）和DR 21（1.5-2.5 kpc）有关。在天鹅座裂谷内，HI自吸收特征与微弱的扩散CO排放密切相关，而DR 21层中的HISA特征大多与任何CO排放无关。在探路者中检测到47种分子流出，其中27种以前未知。连续触发的恒星形成是一种普遍的现象。
英文摘要：
Cygnus X is one of the most complex areas in the sky. This complicates interpretation, but also creates the opportunity to investigate accretion into molecular clouds and many subsequent stages of star formation, all within one small field of view. Understanding large complexes like Cygnus X is the key to understanding the dominant role that massive star complexes play in galaxies across the Universe. The main goal of this study is to establish feasibility of a high-resolution CO survey of the entire Cygnus X region by observing part of it as a Pathfinder, and to evaluate the survey as a tool for investigating the star-formation process. A 2x4 degree area of the Cygnus X region has been mapped in the 12CO(3-2) line at an angular resolution of 15" and a velocity resolution of ~0.4km/s using HARP-B and ACSIS on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The star formation process is heavily connected to the life-cycle of the molecular material in the interstellar medium. The high critical density of the 12CO(3-2) transition reveals clouds in key stages of molecule formation, and shows processes that turn a molecular cloud into a star. We observed ~15% of Cygnus X, and demonstrated that a full survey would be feasible and rewarding. We detected three distinct layers of 12CO(3-2) emission, related to the Cygnus Rift (500-800 pc), to W75N (1-1.8 kpc), and to DR21 (1.5-2.5 kpc). Within the Cygnus Rift, HI self-absorption features are tightly correlated with faint diffuse CO emission, while HISA features in the DR21 layer are mostly unrelated to any CO emission. 47 molecular outflows were detected in the Pathfinder, 27 of them previously unknown. Sequentially triggered star formation is a widespread phenomenon.
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