电偶极矩的频域存储环法测量
Frequency Domain Storage Ring Method for Electric Dipole Moment Measurement
摘要：
基本带电粒子电偶极矩的精确测量将为物理学提供一个超越标准模型的重要探索。任何可测量的大EDM都意味着违反了时间反演和宇称守恒，这意味着宇宙中物质/反物质的不平衡，这在标准模型中是无法理解的。本文提出了一种测量电子、质子或氘核EDM的频域（即频率差）方法。质子EDM的预期精密度（即再现性）为$10^{-30}\,$ e-cm，具有相当的准确度（即包括系统误差）。这将比目前的上限小几乎六个数量级，并将提供对标准模型的严格检验。共振偏振法，实际上是由大极化光束电荷，是关键（最新颖，最少证明）的元素的方法。随着锁相，滚动偏振“库普旋转轮”，共振偏振测量光束偏振作为振幅，而不是作为强度。例如，在100Hz处并且可由恒定控制电流调节的极化滚转导致由于场误差导致的寄生转矩平均为零以达到高精度。由于这些扭矩被认为是真正冻结尾旋操作中系统误差的主要来源，因此这是滚动极化带来的重大改进。系统误差的重要来源仍然存在，主要来源是由于维恩滤波器反转不确定性。电子和质子自旋都可以在全电储存环中“冻结”，它们的EDM精度应该相当。冻结氘核自旋需要一个叠加的电磁引导场;否则滚动自旋的方法和精度应该是相似的。
英文摘要：
Precise measurement of the electric dipole moments (EDM) of fundamental charged particles would provide a significant probe of physics beyond the standard model. Any measurably large EDM would imply violation of both time reversal and parity conservation, with implications for the matter/anti-matter imbalance of the universe, not currently understood within the standard model. A frequency domain (i.e. difference of frequencies) method is proposed for measuring the EDM of electrons or protons or, with modifications, deuterons. Anticipated precision (i.e. reproducibility) is $10^{-30}\,$e-cm for the proton EDM, with comparable accuracy (i.e. including systematic error). This would be almost six orders of magnitude smaller than the present upper limit, and will provide a stringent test of the standard model. Resonant polarimetry, made practical by the large polarized beam charge, is the key (most novel, least proven) element of the method. Along with the phase-locked, rolling polarization "Koop spin wheel," resonant polarimetry measures beam polarization as amplitude rather than as intensity. The polarization roll, at 100\,Hz for example, and adjustable by a constant control current, causes spurious torques due to field errors to average to zero to high accuracy. Since these torques have been considered to be the dominant source of systematic error in truly frozen spin operation, this is a major improvement resulting from the rolling polarization. Important sources of systematic errors remain, the main one being due to Wien filter reversal uncertainty. Both electron and proton spins can be "frozen" in all-electric storage rings, and their EDM precisions should be comparable. Freezing the deuteron spin requires a superimposed electric and magnetic guide field; otherwise the rolling spin method and precision should be similar.
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