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arXiv 1508.02129cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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锯齿形单壁碳纳米管的抗断裂性能

Fracture resistance of zigzag single walled carbon nanotubes

Qiang Lu, Baidurya Bhattacharya

摘要:

脆性断裂是单壁碳纳米管在机械载荷作用下的重要失效模式之一。在本文中,锯齿形单壁碳纳米管与预先存在的缺陷的断裂阻力计算断裂力学概念的基础上原子模拟。在有限温度下的不稳定裂纹生长的问题,大概是由晶格捕获效应引起的,是通过计算应变能释放率通过一系列的单壁碳纳米管的位移控制的拉伸载荷(通过移动原子的最外层在一端以恒定的应变速率9.4x10-4/ps)预先存在的各种长度的裂纹状缺陷。应变能释放率,G,计算为(17,0),(28,0)和(35,0)单壁碳纳米管(每个纵横比为4)与预先存在的裂纹长达29.5微米。在三种不同温度(1 K、300 K和500 K)下,将断裂阻力Gc确定为每个管的裂纹长度的函数。观察到Gc对裂纹长度的显著依赖性,这让人联想到宏观尺度下金属的R曲线上升行为:对于锯齿形纳米管,Gc在小长度下随裂纹长度增加,并且如果管直径足够大,则趋于达到恒定值。我们推测晶格陷阱效应在原子尺度上起着裂尖塑性的作用。例如,在300开尔文,当裂纹长度超过20埃时,纵横比为4的(35,0)管的Gc收敛到6焦耳/m2。该值与石墨和硅的断裂韧性相当。随着温度的升高,管的抗断裂性能显著降低。为了研究长度效应,重复计算具有相同的三个手性,但纵横比为8的锯齿形纳米管在1 K。

英文摘要:

Brittle fracture is one of the important failure modes of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWNT) due to mechanical loading. In this paper, the fracture resistance of zigzag SWNTs with preexisting defects is calculated using fracture mechanics concepts based on atomistic simulations. The problem of unstable crack growth at finite temperature, presumably caused by lattice trapping effect, is circumvented by computing the strain energy release rate through a series of displacement-controlled tensile loading of SWNTs (applied through moving the outermost layer of atoms at one end at constant strain rate of 9.4x10-4/ps) with pre-existing crack-like defects of various lengths. The strain energy release rate, G, is computed for (17,0), (28,0) and (35,0) SWNTs (each with aspect ratio 4) with pre-existing cracks up to 29.5Å long. The fracture resistance, Gc, is determined as a function of crack length for each tube at three different temperatures (1K, 300K and 500K). A significant dependence of Gc on crack length is observed reminiscent of the rising R curve behavior of metals at the macroscale: for the zigzag nanotubes Gc increases with crack length at small length, and tends to reach a constant value if the tube diameter is large enough. We suspect that the lattice trapping effect plays the role of crack tip plasticity at the atomic scale. For example, at 300 Kelvin, Gc for the (35,0) tube with aspect ratio 4 converges to 6 Joule/m2 as the crack length exceeds 20 Angstrom. This value is comparable with the fracture toughness of graphite and Silicon. The fracture resistance of the tubes is found to decrease significantly as the temperature increases. To study the length effects, the computations are repeated for zigzag nanotubes with the same three chiralities but with aspect ratio 8 at 1K.

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