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arXiv 1507.07563astro-ph.GA
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在$α$增强的银盘中对最大星团质量的APOGEE化学标记限制

APOGEE chemical tagging constraint on the maximum star cluster mass in the $α$-enhanced Galactic disk

Yuan-Sen Ting, Charlie Conroy, Hans-Walter Rix

摘要:

从同一分子云中诞生的恒星的元素丰度应该几乎均匀。化学标记的概念是通过元素丰度空间中的聚类来识别被破坏的簇的成员。化学标记需要大量的恒星样本,其中许多单独的元素具有精确的丰度。由于对$>10^4$恒星测量的10种元素的$σ_{[X/{\rm Fe}]}$和$σ_{\rm [Fe/H]} \simeq 0.05$的不确定性,远地点DR 12光谱可能是将这一想法付诸实践的第一个非常合适的数据集。我们发现,即使是APOGEE数据提供的10维丰度空间中的$\sim 500$独立的体积元素,当我们专注于$α$增强银河系磁盘。我们开发和应用一种新的算法来搜索化学均匀的恒星集对占主导地位的背景。通过将星团注入到APOGEE数据集中,我们发现,具有质量$\gtrsim 3 \times 10^7 \, {\rm M}_\odot$的化学均匀的星团将很容易被检测到,但在数据中没有看到这样的信号。通过推广这种方法,我们提出了第一个基于丰度的限制在银河系中的老盘星的集群质量函数。

英文摘要:

Stars born from the same molecular cloud should be nearly homogeneous in their element abundances. The concept of chemical tagging is to identify members of disrupted clusters by their clustering in element abundance space. Chemical tagging requires large samples of stars with precise abundances for many individual elements. With uncertainties of $σ_{[X/{\rm Fe}]}$ and $σ_{\rm [Fe/H]} \simeq 0.05$ for 10 elements measured for $>10^4$ stars, the APOGEE DR12 spectra may be the first well-suited data set to put this idea into practice. We find that even APOGEE data offer only $\sim 500$ independent volume elements in the 10-dimensional abundance space, when we focus on the $α$-enhanced Galactic disk. We develop and apply a new algorithm to search for chemically homogeneous sets of stars against a dominant background. By injecting star clusters into the APOGEE data set we show that chemically homogeneous clusters with masses $\gtrsim 3 \times 10^7 \, {\rm M}_\odot$ would be easily detectable and yet no such signal is seen in the data. By generalizing this approach, we put a first abundance-based constraint on the cluster mass function for the old disk stars in the Milky Way.

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