We first show a possible mechanism to create a new type of nuclear fusion, thermal resonance fusion, i.e. low energy nuclear fusion with thermal resonance of light nuclei or atoms, such as deuterium or tritium. The fusion of two light nuclei has to overcome the Coulomb barrier between these two nuclei to reach up to the interacting region of nuclear force. We found nuclear fusion could be realized with thermal vibrations of crystal lattice atoms coupling with light atoms at low energy by resonance to overcome this Coulomb barrier. Thermal resonances combining with tunnel effects can greatly enhance the probability of the deuterium fusion to the detectable level. Our low energy nuclear fusion mechanism research - thermal resonance fusion mechanism results demonstrate how these light nuclei or atoms, such as deuterium, can be fused in the crystal of metal, such as Ni or alloy, with synthetic thermal vibrations and resonances at different modes and energies experimentally. The probability of tunnel effect at different resonance energy given by the WKB method is shown that indicates the thermal resonance fusion mode, especially combined with the tunnel effect, is possible and feasible. But the penetrating probability decreases very sharply when the input resonance energy decreases less than 3 keV, so for thermal resonance fusion, the key point is to increase the resonance peak or make the resonance sharp enough to the acceptable energy level by the suitable compound catalysts, and it is better to reach up more than 3 keV to make the penetrating probability larger than 10^{-10}.
Optical potential parameters of light nuclear fusion based on precise Coulomb wave functions
基于精确的库仑波函数(CWF),我们试图计算轻核在复杂球形方势阱中的熔合截面(即,光学势模型)。通过与实验基准截面数据的比较,标定了D+D、D+T、D+3He、p+D、p+6Li和p+7Li聚变反应的光学势参数。令人惊讶的是,我们发现我们计算的光学势参数与许多以前的结果(例如,Phys. Rev. C. 61(2000)024610,Nucl.Phys.A986(2019)98等),其中近似库仑波函数(ACWF)只保留了核势半径处的连续性条件。此外,利用所得到的光学势参数,我们还将聚变反应的截面和天体物理S因子与ACWFs方法的结果进行了比较,发现对于具有共振峰的聚变反应(如D+T和D+3He聚变反应)存在明显的偏差.然后,我们计算了熔合截面相对于光学势参数的相图,并展示了几个窄形状的共振带。这意味着在原子核半径处,ACWF与精确CWFs的微小偏差可能导致共振区的偏离,从而导致光学参数和截面的巨大差异。
我们研究了等离子体相互作用对恒星共振增强聚变率的影响。从基本原理出发,我们推导出一个表达式的融合率,可以作为讨论的基础上的近似方案。目前最先进的校正算法,基于融合粒子的经典关联函数和共振态的经典能量位移,不遵循这个结果,即使作为一个近似。在弱耦合等离子体的情况下,在微扰解中展开的结果有些启发。但在这一点上,我们对如何在具有中等等离子体耦合强度的系统中进行有意义的计算感到困惑。这可能很重要的例子是:可能的低能$^{12}$ C + $^{12}$ C共振对吸积中子星或超新星1A模拟的X射线爆发的影响;以及计算过程进入的一些更强耦合区域中的三重$α$速率,例如吸积到中子星上。
DT fusion through the $^5$He $3/2+$ "Bretscher state" accounts for $\ge 25\%$ of our existence via nucleosynthesis and for the possibility of fusion energy
对基于加速器的聚变堆进行了可行性研究。我们考虑了一种新的方案,从加速器的光束击中目标等离子体的聚变反应的共振,并建立一个可行的反应堆的特征标准。在本研究中,我们考虑反应$ d + t \rightarrow n + α, d + {}^3H_e \rightarrow p + α$和$p + {}^{11}B \rightarrow 3 α$。等离子体的临界温度是由聚变能量增益克服束流的阻止本领确定的。所需的等离子体寿命由共振宽度、束流速度和等离子体密度确定。我们估计的临界束流通量的平衡对等离子体的热能和损失,由于停止功率的情况下,惰性等离子体的聚变生产的能量。临界通量与等离子体寿命的乘积与等离子体密度无关,对温度的依赖性较弱。即使这些反应的临界温度低于热核反应堆的临界温度,在惰性等离子体的情况下,临界通量在等离子体密度$ρ_t = 10^{15}/{\rm cm^3}$的$10^{22} - 10^{24}/\rm{cm^2/s}$范围内。讨论了控制双流不稳定性增长的几种方法。我们还考虑了几个实际实施的方案,这些方案需要进一步研究。最后,我们考虑的情况下,注入的光束在共振能量保持等离子体温度和寿命达到稳态。给出了这种情况下的功率平衡方程和粒子数守恒方程。