The abundance of fluorine is determined from the (2-0) R9 2.3358 micron feature of the molecule HF for several dozen normal G and K stars in the Galactic thin disk from spectra obtained with the Phoenix IR spectrometer on the 2.1-m telescope at Kitt Peak. The abundances are analyzed in the context of Galactic chemical evolution to explore the contributions of supernovae and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars to the abundance of fluorine in the thin disk. The average abundance of fluorine in the thin disk is found to be [F/Fe] = +0.23 +/- 0.03, and the [F/Fe] ratio is flat or declines slowly with metallicity in the range from -0.6 < [Fe/H] < +0.3, within the limits of our estimated uncertainty. The measured abundance of fluorine and lack of variation with metallicity in Galactic thin disk stars suggest neutrino spallation in Type II supernovae contributes significantly to the Galactic fluorine abundance, although contributions from AGB stars may also be important.
We present chemical abundances for the elements carbon, sodium, and fluorine in 15 red giants of the globular cluster M 4, as well as six red giants of the globular cluster $ω$ Centauri. The chemical abundances were calculated in LTE via spectral synthesis. The spectra analyzed are high-resolution spectra obtained in the near-infrared region around $λ$2.3$μ$m with the Phoenix spectrograph on the 8.1m Gemini South Telescope, the IGRINS spectrograph on the McDonald Observatory 2.7m Telescope, and the CRIRES spectrograph on the ESO 8.2m Very Large Telescope. The results indicate a significant red…
Fluorine in the Solar neighborhood: No evidence for the neutrino process
渐近巨星分支恒星是已知的生产“宇宙”氟，但它是不确定的，这些恒星是否是氟在太阳附近的主要生产者，或者如果任何其他建议的形成网站，II型超新星和/或沃尔夫-拉叶星，是更重要的。最近的文章提出了渐近巨星分支恒星以及II型超新星作为太阳附近氟的主要来源。在本文中，我们着手确定附近的49个样本中的氟丰度，明亮的K-巨星，我们以前已经确定了恒星参数以及α丰度均匀的光学高分辨率光谱。氟丰度由用分光计Phoenix观察到的2.3 $μ$ m HF分子线确定。我们将氟的丰度与主要产生于II型超新星的α元素的丰度进行比较，发现氟和α元素并不同步演化，排除了II型超新星是太阳系附近氟的主要生产者。此外，我们还发现了氟相对于氧的次级行为，这是另一个证据，反对II型超新星在太阳附近氟的产生中发挥重要作用。氟的这种次级行为将对其他两个建议的生产地点的恒星模型提出新的限制：渐近巨星分支星和沃尔夫-拉叶星。
The main objective of this paper is to explore abundances of fluorine in hot Extreme Helium Stars (EHes). Overabundance of fluorine is a characteristic feature for cool EHes and R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars and further enforces their close connection. For hot EHes this relationship with the cooler EHes, based on their fluorine abundance is unexplored. We present in this paper the first abundance estimates of fluorine determined from singly ionised fluorine lines (F\,{\sc ii}) for 10 hot EHe stars from optical spectra. Fluorine abundances were determined using the F\,{\sc ii} lines in two win…
Abundances of fluorine ($^{19}$F), as well as isotopic ratios of $^{16}$O/$^{17}$O, are derived in a sample of luminous young ($\sim$10$^{7}$--10$^{8}$ yrs) red giants in the Galactic center (with galactocentric distances ranging from 0.6--30 pc), using high-resolution infrared spectra and vibration-rotation lines of H$^{19}$F near $λ$2.3$μ$m. Five of the six red giants are members of the Nuclear star cluster that orbits the central supermassive black hole. Previous investigations of the chemical evolution of $^{19}$F in Galactic thin and thick disk stars have revealed that the nucleosynthetic…
The cosmic origin of fluorine is still not well constrained. Several nucleosynthetic channels at different phases of stellar evolution have been suggested, but these must be constrained by observations. For this, the fluorine abundance trend with metallicity spanning a wide range is required. Our aim is to determine stellar abundances of fluorine for -1.1<[Fe/H]<+0.4. We determine the abundances from HF lines in infrared K-band spectra (at 2.3 microns) of cool giants, observed with the IGRINS and Phoenix high-resolution spectrographs. We derive accurate stellar parameters for all our observed …
The chemical evolution of fluorine is investigated in a sample of Milky Way red giantstars that span a significant range in metallicity from [Fe/H] $\sim$ -1.3 to 0.0 dex. Fluorine abundances are derived from vibration-rotation lines of HF in high-resolution infraredspectra near $λ$ 2.335 $μ$m. The red giants are members of the thin and thick disk / halo,with two stars being likely members of the outer disk Monoceros overdensity. At lowermetallicities, with [Fe/H]<-0.4 to -0.5, the abundance of F varies as a primary element with respect to the Fe abundance, with a constant subsolar value of [F…
We present new fluorine abundance estimations in two carbon enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars, HE 1429-0551 and HE 1305+0007. HE 1429-0551 is also enriched in slow neutron-capture process (s-process) elements, a CEMP-s, and HE 1305+0007 is enhanced in both, slow and rapid neutron-capture process elements, a CEMP-s/r. The F abundances estimates are derived from the vibration-rotation transition of the HF molecule at 23358.6 A using high-resolution infrared spectra obtained with the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) at the 4m-class Lowell Discovery Telescope. Our results include a …
Probing the first generations of massive stars through fluorine in CEMP-no stars
Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelle（布鲁塞尔自由大学天文学与天体物理研究所）；BLU-ULB, Brussels Laboratory of the Universe（宇宙布鲁塞尔实验室）；Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva（日内瓦大学天文学系）
We review a large body of literature for concentrations of halogens in chondrites and stellar halogen data used for solar system abundances (i.e., representative abundances of the solar system at the time of its formation) and associated analytical problems. Claims of lower solar system chlorine, bromine and iodine abundances from recent analyses of CI-chondrites are untenable because of incompatibility of such low values with nuclear abundance systematics and measurements of halogens in the sun and other stars. We suspect analytical problems associated with these peculiar rock types caused lo…
The center of the Milky Way contains stellar populations spanning a range in age and metallicity, with a recent star formation burst producing young and massive stars. Chemical abundances in the most luminous stellar member of the Nuclear Star Cluster (NSC), IRS 7, are presented for $^{19}$F, $^{12}$C, $^{13}$C, $^{14}$N, $^{16}$O, $^{17}$O, and Fe from an LTE analysis based on spherical modeling and radiative transfer with a 25M$_{\odot}$ model atmosphere, whose chemistry was tailored to the derived photospheric abundances. We find IRS 7 to be depleted heavily in both $^{12}$C (~-0.8 dex) and…
We investigate the abundance of $^{19}F$ in the Sun through the nucleosynthesis scenario. In addition, we calculate the rate equations and reaction rates of the nucleosynthesis of $^{19}F$ at different temperature scale. Other important functions of this nucleosynthesis (nuclear partition function and statistical equilibrium conditions) are also obtained. The resulting stability of $^{19}F$ occurs at nucleus with A = 19 and Mass Excess= -1.4874 MeV. As a result, this will tend to a series of neutron captures and beta-decay until $^{19}F$ is produced. The reaction rate of $^{15}N$ ($α$, $γ$) $^…
We performed detailed spectroscopic analyses of a young C-rich planetary nebula (PN) Jonckheere900 (J900) in order to characterise the properties of the central star and nebula. Of the derived 17 elemental abundances, we present the first determination of eight elemental abundances. We present the first detection of the [F IV] 4059.9 A, [F V] 13.4 um, and [Rb IV] 5759.6 A lines in J900. J900 exhibits a large enhancement of F and neutron-capture elements Se, Kr, Rb, and Xe. We investigated the physical conditions of the H2 zone using the newly detected mid-IR H2 lines while also using the the p…
Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are considered to be among the most significant contributors to the fluorine budget in our Galaxy. While at close-to-solar metallicity observations and theory agree, at lower metallicities stellar models overestimate the fluorine production with respect to heavy elements. We present ${}^{19}$F nucleosynthesis results for a set of AGB models with different masses and metallicities in which magnetic buoyancy acts as the driving process for the formation of the ${}^{13}$C neutron source (the so-called ${}^{13}$C pocket). We find that ${}^{19}$F is mainly produc…
A radial velocity follow-up of the long-period sdOB+G1V type spectroscopic binary SB 744 revealed strong lines of fluorine and lead in the optical spectrum of the sdOB star and subsolar metallicity in the G1V companion. With high-quality observations and Gaia astrometric data, we aim at measuring the chemical composition and Galactic kinematics of the system to put it in context with known populations of hot subdwarfs. Such binary systems have high potential, as they give insights into the late stages of binary evolution as well as into the mysterious formation of stripped core helium-burning …
We analyze the oxygen abundances of a stellar sample representative of the two major Galactic populations: the thin and thick disks. The aim is to investigate the differences between members of the Galactic disks and to contribute to the understanding on the origin of oxygen chemical enrichment in the Galaxy. The analysis is based on the [O\,{\sc i}]=6300.30\,Å~ oxygen line in HR spectra ($R\sim$52,500) obtained from the GES Survey. By comparing the observed spectra with a theoretical dataset, computed in LTE with the SPECTRUM synthesis and ATLAS12 codes, we derive the oxygen abundances of 516…
We obtain a magnitude-limited sample of Andromeda (M 31) disc PNe with chemical abundance estimated through the direct detection of the [OIII] 4363 $\mathring{\mathrm A}$ line. This leads to $205$ and $200$ PNe with oxygen and argon abundances respectively. We find that high- and low-extinction M 31 disc PNe have statistically distinct argon and oxygen abundance distributions. In the radial range $2-30$ kpc, the older low-extinction disc PNe are metal-poorer on average with a slightly positive radial oxygen abundance gradient ($0.006 \pm 0.003$ dex/kpc) and slightly negative for argon ($-0.005…
The aim of this work is to determine abundances of neutron-capture elements for thin- and thick-disc F, G, and K stars in several sky fields near the north ecliptic pole and to compare the results with the Galactic chemical evolution models, to explore elemental gradients according to stellar ages, mean galactocentric distances, and maximum heights above the Galactic plane. The observational data were obtained with the 1.65m telescope at the Moletai Astronomical Observatory and a fibre-fed high-resolution spectrograph. Elemental abundances were determined using a differential spectrum synthesi…
Recent detection of the isotope $^7$Be (that decays into $^7$Li) in the outburst of classical novae confirms the suggestion made in the 70s that novae could make $^7$Li. We reconsidered the role of novae as producers of Li by means of a detailed model of the chemical evolution of the Milky Way. We showed that novae could be the Galactic lithium source accounting for the observed increase of Li abundances in the thin disk with stellar metallicity. The best agreement with the upper envelope of the observed Li abundances is obtained for a delay time of ~ 1 Gyr for the nova production and for an e…
Basing on the large volume \textit{Gaia} Early Data Release 3 and LAMOST Data Release 5 data, we estimate the bias-corrected binary fractions of the field late G and early K dwarfs. A stellar locus outlier method is used in this work, which works well for binaries of various periods and inclination angles with single epoch data. With a well-selected, distance-limited sample of about 90 thousand GK dwarfs covering wide stellar chemical abundances, it enables us to explore the binary fraction variations with different stellar populations. The average binary fraction is 0.42$\pm$0.01 for the whol…
Classical Cepheids in the Galactic thin disk I. Abundance gradients via non-local thermodynamic equilibrium spectral analysis
Università di Roma Tor Vergata（罗马第二大学）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（罗马天文台）；The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；ASI - Space Science Data Center（意大利航天局空间科学数据中心）；University of Hawai’i at Manoa（夏威夷大学马诺阿分校）；INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino（都灵天文台）；Texas Christian University（得克萨斯基督教大学）；INAF -- Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（博洛尼亚天文物理与空间科学观测站）；Sapienza Università di Roma（罗马第一大学）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（卡波迪蒙特天文台）；Parthenope University of Naples（那不勒斯帕泰诺佩大学）；Università degli Studi di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉古纳大学）；Odessa National University（敖德萨国立大学）
Non-LTE Sodium Abundance in Galactic Thick- and Thin-Disk Red Giants
我们评估非本地的热力学平衡（非LTE）线形成中性钠在模型大气中的79红巨星使用模型原子，采用了最好的原子数据。用Na I 6154、6161 <$A测定了38颗薄盘星（其中15颗为Bal Ⅱ星）、15颗厚盘星、13颗武仙座流星和13颗既不是薄盘也不是厚盘的过渡星的Na的非LTE丰度。Na I 6154、6161的非LTE丰度修正量为-0.06至-0.24 dex，取决于恒星参数。我们发现厚盘和薄盘的[Na/Fe]丰度没有差别，得到的丰度接近太阳的丰度。我们证实了BaII星中[Na/Fe]的微弱过剩。武仙座流的恒星显示[Na/Fe]丰度接近太阳系。所得结果可用于约束Na的核合成模型。
This contribution presents an overview of the evolution of Li abundances in stars of the Galactic thin and thick discs, from the observational point of view. The focus is on Li abundances obtained by recent projects and surveys. To separate thin and thick disc stars, both chemical abundances, kinematics, and ages can be used. For thick disc stars, the Li evolution is uncertain, as differences appear depending on how the stars were separated. Nevertheless, it seems clear that most of the Galactic enrichment in Li takes place in the thin disc. Literature consensus also seems to exist regarding t…
The atmospheric parameters and abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti have been determined for 20 stars using the Gaia DR2 parallaxes, high-resolution spectra, and the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) line formation modeling. A sample of stars with homogeneous data on the abundances of alpha-process elements has thus been increased to 94. It is shown that applying a non-LTE approach and classical 1D atmospheric models with spectroscopically determined surface gravities based on Fe~I and Fe~II lines yields reliable results. Analysis of the full sample confirms the conclusions of earlier …
This paper focuses on carbon that is one of the most abundant elements in the Universe and is of high importance in the field of nucleosynthesis and galactic and stellar evolution. Even nowadays, the origin of carbon and the relative importance of massive and low- to intermediate-mass stars in producing it is still a matter of debate. In this paper we aim at better understanding the origin of carbon by studying the trends of [C/H], [C/Fe],and [C/Mg] versus [Fe/H], and [Mg/H] for 2133 FGK dwarf stars from the fifth Gaia-ESO Survey internal data release (GES iDR5). The availability of accurate p…
Low- and intermediate-mass ($\rm 0.8~M_\odot < M < 8~M_\odot$) stars that evolve into planetary nebulae (PNe) play an important role in tracing and driving Galactic chemical evolution. Spectroscopy of PNe enables access to both the initial composition of their progenitor stars and products of their internal nucleosynthesis, but determining accurate ionic and elemental abundances of PNe requires high-quality optical spectra. We obtained new optical spectra of eight highly-extincted PNe with limited optical data in the literature using the Low Resolution Spectrograph 2 (LRS2) on the Hobby-Eberly…
S-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are thought to be intermediates in the evolution of oxygen- to carbon-rich AGB stars. The chemical compositions of their circumstellar envelopes are also intermediate, but have not been studied in as much detail as their carbon- and oxygen-rich counterparts. We aim to determine the abundances of AlCl and AlF from rotational lines, which have been observed for the first time towards an S-type AGB star, W Aql. In combination with models based on PACS observations, we aim to update our chemical kinetics network based on these results. We analyse ALMA obs…
The chemical makeup of a star provides the fossil information of the environment where it formed. Under this premise, it should be possible to use chemical abundances to tag stars that formed within the same stellar association. This idea - known as chemical tagging - has not produced the expected results, especially within the thin disk where open stellar clusters have chemical patterns that are difficult to disentangle. The ultimate goal of this study is to probe the feasibility of chemical tagging within the thin disk population using high-quality data from a controlled sample of stars. We …
The lithium abundances for a large sample of red giants
在考虑非LTE校正的情况下，推导了378 G/K巨星的锂丰度。其中，有23颗恒星拥有行星系统。锂丰度的研究，作为金属丰度，有效温度和旋转速度的函数，以及一个巨大的行星对G/K巨星的影响。结果表明，锂丰度是金属丰度和有效温度的函数。锂丰度与vsini $<$ 10 km s $^{-1}$处的自转速度没有相关性。具有行星的巨行星存在较低的锂丰度和缓慢的旋转速度（vsini $<$ 4 km s $^{-1}$）。我们的样本包括3颗富锂G/K巨星，36颗锂正常星和339颗锂耗尽星。该样品中富锂恒星的比例与文献中小于1 $\%$的一般比例一致，并且显示正常Li量的恒星被认为在当前星际介质中具有相同的丰度。对于贫锂巨星，许多中等质量（1.5-5 M $_{\odot}$）的G/K巨星在主序星阶段可能已经发生了缺锂。最后，我们提出了锂丰度和运动学参数的一个扩大的样本的565巨星使用的文献汇编，并确认锂丰度是金属丰度和有效温度的函数。利用放大的样品，我们研究了薄盘巨星和厚盘巨星中锂丰度的差异，发现厚盘巨星中锂丰度比薄盘巨星中的锂丰度更贫化。
