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arXiv 1506.03342gr-qcphysics.class-ph
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产生具有小偏心率的牛顿和广义相对论轨道的2D表面

The 2D surfaces that generate Newtonian and general relativistic orbits with small eccentricities

Chad A. Middleton

摘要:

在学习广义相对论时,嵌入图被证明是非常有用的,因为它们提供了一种通过扭曲的二维(2D)表面来可视化时空曲率的方法。在这篇手稿中,我们提出了一个不同的2D结构,也作为一个有用的概念工具,为深入了解引力,特别是轨道动力学-即圆柱对称表面,产生牛顿和广义相对论轨道与小偏心率。虽然我们首先证明,不存在这样的曲面,它可以精确地再现牛顿引力或广义相对论(或者更一般地,任何球对称势)的任意束缚轨道,但确实存在曲面,它们非常近似于小偏心率下的轨道运动;这正是描述太阳系行星运动的机制。这些表面有助于说明两种引力理论(即牛顿引力中的静止椭圆轨道和广义相对论中的进动椭圆轨道)之间的相似性和差异,并在这个3D打印时代为学生和教师提供了一个机会,让他们通过实验探索每个理论的预测。

英文摘要:

Embedding diagrams prove to be quite useful when learning general relativity as they offer a way of visualizing spacetime curvature through warped two dimensional (2D) surfaces. In this manuscript we present a different 2D construct that also serves as a useful conceptual tool for gaining insight into gravitation, in particular, orbital dynamics - namely the cylindrically symmetric surfaces that generate Newtonian and general relativistic orbits with small eccentricities. Although we first show that no such surface exists that can exactly reproduce the arbitrary bound orbits of Newtonian gravitation or of general relativity (or, more generally, of any spherically symmetric potential), surfaces do exist that closely approximate the resulting orbital motion for small eccentricities; exactly the regime that describes the motion of the solar system planets. These surfaces help to illustrate the similarities, as well as the differences, between the two theories of gravitation (i.e. stationary elliptical orbits in Newtonian gravitation and precessing elliptical-like orbits in general relativity) and offer, in this age of 3D printing, an opportunity for students and instructors to experimentally explore the predictions made by each.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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