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arXiv 1506.03049cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.soft
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玻璃中剪切带的形成和长大:潜在的定向逾渗转变的存在

Formation and growth of shear bands in glasses: existence of an underlying directed percolation transition

Gaurav Prakash Shrivastav, Pinaki Chaudhuri, Jürgen Horbach

摘要:

玻璃对机械载荷的响应通常导致形成强烈影响材料性质的不均匀流动图案。其中,剪切带普遍存在于各种材料中,从软物质系统到金属合金。剪切带与应变局部化有关,即剪切后的玻璃态固体的变形以带状结构的形式在空间上局部化。这些结构通常是灾难性故障的前兆,这意味着对潜在机制的正确理解可能会导致更智能材料的设计。然而,尽管它在材料科学中的重要性,剪切带在玻璃材料中的微观起源只是知之甚少。在这里,剪切带的形成在玻璃体系中揭示了非平衡分子动力学模拟(NEMD)的二元Lennard-Jones混合物,受到恒定的应变速率。在其玻璃状态下,该系统表现出所有考虑的应变率的移动区域在一个临界应变的形成的一个集群。我们表明,这种渗流过渡属于普适类定向渗流。只有在低剪切速率,其中的稳态应力接近屈服阈值,膨胀集群演变成一个短暂的(但寿命长)的剪切带,其宽度的扩散增长。

英文摘要:

The response of glasses to mechanical loading often leads to the formation of inhomogeneous flow patterns that strongly affect materials properties. Among them, shear bands are ubiquitous in a wide variety of materials, ranging from soft matter systems to metallic alloys. Shear banding is associated with strain localization, i.e. the deformation of the sheared glassy solid is localized in space in form of band-like structures. These structures are often precursors to catastrophic failure, implying that a proper understanding of the underlying mechanisms could lead to the design of smarter materials. However, despite its importance in material science, the microscopic origin of shear banding in glassy materials is only poorly understood. Here, the formation of shear banding in glassy systems is revealed by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations (NEMD) of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture, subject to a constant strain rate. In its glass state, this system exhibits for all considered strain rates the formation of a percolating cluster of mobile regions at a critical strain. We show that this percolation transition belongs to the universality class of directed percolation. Only at low shear rates, where the steady-state stress is close to the yielding threshold, the percolating cluster evolves into a transient (but long-lived) shear band with a diffusive growth of its width.

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