Methods for a quantitative evaluation of odd-even staggering effects
Alessandro Olmi, Silvia Piantelli
备注：
16 pages, 9 figures - Revised version, mainly with an expanded sect. 2 about smoothing methods (three more methods are presented and an appendix on relevant aspects of the finite-differences formalism is added); results are shown also for the simulations with the three additional methods. Some more references are added. Conclusions are unchanged
Odd-even effects, also known as "staggering" effects, are a common feature observed in the yield distributions of fragments produced in different types of nuclear reactions. We review old methods, and we propose new ones, for a quantitative estimation of these effects as a function of proton or neutron number of the reaction products. All methods are compared on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations. We find that some are not well suited for the task, the most reliable ones being those based either on a non-linear fit with a properly oscillating function or on a third (or fourth) finite difference approach. In any case, high statistic is of paramount importance to avoid that spurious structures appear just because of statistical fluctuations in the data and of strong correlations among the yields of neighboring fragments.
Persistence of odd-even staggering in charged fragment yields from the 112Sn+58Ni collision at 35 MeV/nucleon
本文研究了35 MeV/核子的112 Sn +58 Ni半周边和中心碰撞产生的碎片的电荷分布的奇偶交错效应。对于Z<16的碎片，观察到偶数电荷的明显过量产生，其对于较重的碎片减少。在外围碰撞中，交错效应持续到Z约40。对于轻碎片，交错似乎是基本上独立的碰撞的中心性，这表明它主要是有关的最后几个步骤，在热核衰变。
Isospin Dependence in the Odd-Even Staggering of Nuclear Binding Energies
GSI的FRS-ESR设施为在一次实验中精确测量核物质表面的大面积提供了独特的条件。得到了604个缺中子核素（30 ≤ Z ≤ 92）的质量值，典型的不确定度为30微单位。首次测定了114种核素的质量。系统地研究了Z=50和Z=82质子壳层闭合之间的同位素链的核质量奇偶交错（OES）。结果与现代核模型的预测进行了比较。比较表明，OES的测量趋势是不能复制的理论拟合的质量只。从调整到质量和密度相关的核观测量的模型中提取的光谱配对间隙与实验数据吻合得更好。
Laser spectroscopy of neutron-rich $^{207,208}$Hg isotopes: Illuminating the kink and odd-even staggering in charge radii across the $N=126$ shell closure
Puzzling Isotonic Odd-Even Staggering of Charge Radii in Deformed Rare Earth Nuclei
National Institute for Fusion Science（国立核聚变科学研究所）；National Institute of Standards and Technology（国家标准与技术研究院）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；NASA/GSFC（美国国家航空航天局格林研究中心）；The University of Electro-Communications（电波大学）；Clemson University（克莱姆森大学）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；CEA（法国原子能和替代能源委员会）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Grenoble INP（格勒诺布尔理工学院）；IRIG（集成研究、信息和基因技术研究所）；SyMMES（物质与分子科学研究实验室）；University of Debrecen（德布勒森大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学）；Kyushu University（九州大学）
Shape staggering of mid-shell mercury isotopes from in-source laser spectroscopy compared with Density Functional Theory and Monte Carlo Shell Model calculations
Microscopic Spin-Parity Distributions of Fission Fragments
Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, L2IT（图卢兹大学）；University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics（萨格勒布大学理学院）；Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory（劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室）
