Fibonacci动力学普适类族
Fibonacci family of dynamical universality classes
摘要：
普适性是平衡物理学的一个公认的中心概念。然而，在远离平衡的系统中，仍然缺乏对其基本原理的更深入理解。到目前为止，已经确定了几个类别。除了具有动力学指数$z=2$的扩散普适类之外，另一个突出的例子是具有$z=3/2$的超扩散Kardar-Parisi-Zhang（KPZ）类。例如，它出现在远离热平衡的低维动力学现象中，表现出某种守恒定律。在这里，我们表明，这两个类只是一个无限离散的家庭的非平衡普适性类的一部分。值得注意的是，它们的动力学指数$z_α$由相邻斐波那契数的比值给出，从$z_1=3/2$（如果存在KPZ模式）或$z_1=2$（如果存在扩散模式）开始。如果既不存在扩散模式也不存在KPZ模式，则所有动力学模式都具有黄金平均值$z=(1+\sqrt{5})/2$作为动力学指数。这些Fibonacci模的普适标度函数是不对称的Lévy分布，它完全由系统的宏观电流-密度关系和压缩矩阵固定，因此可以通过实验测量。
英文摘要：
Universality is a well-established central concept of equilibrium physics. However, in systems far away from equilibrium a deeper understanding of its underlying principles is still lacking. Up to now, a few classes have been identified. Besides the diffusive universality class with dynamical exponent $z=2$ another prominent example is the superdiffusive Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class with $z=3/2$. It appears e.g. in low-dimensional dynamical phenomena far from thermal equilibrium which exhibit some conservation law. Here we show that both classes are only part of an infinite discrete family of non-equilibrium universality classes. Remarkably their dynamical exponents $z_α$ are given by ratios of neighbouring Fibonacci numbers, starting with either $z_1=3/2$ (if a KPZ mode exist) or $z_1=2$ (if a diffusive mode is present). If neither a diffusive nor a KPZ mode are present, all dynamical modes have the Golden Mean $z=(1+\sqrt{5})/2$ as dynamical exponent. The universal scaling functions of these Fibonacci modes are asymmetric Lévy distributions which are completely fixed by the macroscopic current-density relation and compressibility matrix of the system and hence accessible to experimental measurement.
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