在缓冲层/有源层界面包覆金纳米棒提高有机太阳能电池效率
Efficiency Enhancement in Organic Solar Cells by Incorporating Silica-coated Gold Nanorods at the Buffer/Active interface
摘要：
通过在空穴传输层和有源层之间的界面处引入二氧化硅包覆的金纳米棒（Au@SiO2 NRs），由于等离子体效应，可以极大地改善有机太阳能电池（OSC）的性能。二氧化硅壳层阻碍了金纳米棒在乙醇溶液中的聚集效应以及金纳米棒表面的严重电荷复合，否则当在与活性材料接触的位置掺入金纳米棒时，会导致开路电压的严重降低。结果，在保持高开路电压的同时，优化的等离子体激元OSC具有增加的短路电流，并且相应地具有提高的功率转换效率，增强因子为~ 11%。通过形态学、电学、光学等表征，结合理论模拟，系统分析了Au@SiO2纳米棒提高OSC性能的原因。研究发现，吸收的宽带增强是导致短路电流密度增加的主要原因，而吸收的宽带增强又导致了有源层激子产生的宽带增强。模拟结果表明，单个NR的横向和纵向表面等离子体共振的激发以及它们的相互耦合可以在NR附近产生强电场，从而改善有源层中激子的产生分布。在空穴传输层和活性层之间的界面处并入Au@SiO2 NR也改善了OSC中的空穴提取。
英文摘要：
The performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) can be greatly improved by incorporating silica-coated gold nanorods (Au@SiO2 NRs) at the interface between the hole transporting layer and the active layer due to the plasmonic effect. The silica shell impedes the aggregation effect of the Au NRs in ethanol solution as well as the server charge recombination on the surface of the Au NRs otherwise they would bring forward serious reduction in open circuit voltage when incorporating the Au NRs at the positions in contact with the active materials. As a result, while the high open circuit voltage being maintained, the optimized plasmonic OSCs possess an increased short circuit current, and correspondingly an elevated power conversion efficiency with the enhancement factor of ~11%. The origin of performance improvement in OSCs with the Au@SiO2 NRs was analyzed systematically using morphological, electrical, optical characterizations along with theoretical simulation. It is found that the broadband enhancement in absorption, which yields the broadband enhancement in exciton generation in the active layer, is the major factor contributing to the increase in the short circuit current density. Simulation results suggest that the excitation of the transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonances of individual NRs as well as their mutual coupling can generate strong electric field near the vicinity of the NRs, thereby an improved exciton generation profile in the active layer. The incorporation of Au@SiO2 NRs at the interface between the hole transporting layer and the active layer also improves hole extraction in the OSCs.
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