三次图$G$的$k$ -弱二分法是将$G$的顶点集划分为大小相等的两部分$V_1$和$V_2$,使得由$V_i$($i=1,2$)导出的$G$的子图的每个连通分支是至多由$k-2$顶点组成的树.这个概念可以被看作是无零流的一个放松版本,因为它直接从Jaeger的旧结果得出,每个具有循环无零$r$ -流的三次图$G$具有$\lfloor r \rfloor$ -弱二分法。本文研究了与$k$ -弱对分的存在性有关的问题。我们相信,每一个立方图,有一个完美的匹配,比Petersen图,承认4-弱二分法,我们提出了一个家庭的立方图没有完美的匹配,不承认这样的二分法。本文的主要结果是:每一个三次图都有一个5-弱二等分。当限制为无桥图时,该结果将是5流猜想的断言的结果,因此它可以被认为是证明该断言的(非常小的)一步。然而,我们证明的困难部分集中在包含桥的图上。
英文摘要:
A $k$-weak bisection of a cubic graph $G$ is a partition of the vertex-set of $G$ into two parts $V_1$ and $V_2$ of equal size, such that each connected component of the subgraph of $G$ induced by $V_i$ ($i=1,2$) is a tree of at most $k-2$ vertices. This notion can be viewed as a relaxed version of nowhere-zero flows, as it directly follows from old results of Jaeger that every cubic graph $G$ with a circular nowhere-zero $r$-flow has a $\lfloor r \rfloor$-weak bisection. In this paper we study problems related to the existence of $k$-weak bisections. We believe that every cubic graph which has a perfect matching, other than the Petersen graph, admits a 4-weak bisection and we present a family of cubic graphs with no perfect matching which do not admit such a bisection. The main result of this article is that every cubic graph admits a 5-weak bisection. When restricted to bridgeless graphs, that result would be a consequence of the assertion of the 5-flow Conjecture and as such it can be considered a (very small) step toward proving that assertion. However, the harder part of our proof focuses on graphs which do contain bridges.
图G=(V,E)的方向上的(r,alpha)-有界过剩流((r,alpha)-流)是将1和r-1之间的实“流值”分配给每条边。与实际流中的0不同,不超过alpha的一些流过剩可以在任何顶点中累积。有界过剩流是循环无处零流的推广,它可以被看作是(r,0)-流。我们定义(r,alpha)为强或等价于(s,beta)如果在一个三次图中存在一个(r,alpha)-流总是意味着在同一个图中存在一个(s,beta)-流。然后研究了二维流强度偏序集的结构。“Trace”参数起主要作用:tr(r,alpha)=(r-2alpha)除以(1-alpha)。在具有相同迹线的点中,具有较大r的点更强(r-cnzf是迹线r的点)。本文用一半的篇幅证明了主要结果:每个三次图都有(3.5,0.5)-流. tr(3.5,0.5)=5,因此可以认为它是向5流猜想方向的一步。我们的结果是最好的可能为所有的三次图,而似乎更强的5流猜想只适用于无桥图。我们强烈依赖于“k-弱二分”的概念,定义和研究:L。埃斯佩雷湾Mazzuoccolo和M. Tarsi“Flows and Bisections in Cubic Graphs”J.图论,86(2)(2017),149-158.