arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1503.06148physics.flu-dyn
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静止和湍流环境中有限尺寸球体的沉降

Sedimentation of finite-size spheres in quiescent and turbulent environments

Walter Fornari, Francesco Picano, Luca Brandt

摘要:

分散固体相的沉降在应用和环境流动中广泛遇到,然而对于均匀各向同性湍流中有限尺寸颗粒的行为知之甚少。为了填补这一空白,我们进行直接数值模拟的沉降在静止和湍流环境中使用浸没边界法占分散的刚性球形颗粒。所考虑的固体体积分数为0.5 - 1%,而固体与流体的密度比为1.02。粒子半径被选择为大约6个Komlogorov长度尺度。结果表明,平均沉降速度是较低的,在一个已经湍流比在静止的流体。对于所研究的两种体积分数,相对于静止流体中的单个颗粒的减少约为12%和14%。粒子速度的概率密度函数在湍流中几乎是高斯分布的,而在静止流体中则显示出较大的正尾。这些尾巴与颗粒对在拖曳-亲吻-翻滚运动中的间歇性快速沉降有关。颗粒横向分散在湍流中更高,而令人惊讶的是,垂直分散由于在静止流体中观察到的高度间歇性行为而具有相当的量级。使用的平均相对速度的概念,我们估计的平均阻力系数的经验公式,并表明,非平稳的影响,有关的旋涡脱落,解释在湍流环境中的平均沉降速度的减少。

英文摘要:

Sedimentation of a dispersed solid phase is widely encountered in applications and environmental flows, yet little is known about the behavior of finite-size particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. To fill this gap, we perform Direct Numerical Simulations of sedimentation in quiescent and turbulent environments using an Immersed Boundary Method to account for the dispersed rigid spherical particles. The solid volume fractions considered are 0.5-1%, while the solid to fluid density ratio 1.02. The particle radius is chosen to be approximately 6 Komlogorov lengthscales. The results show that the mean settling velocity is lower in an already turbulent flow than in a quiescent fluid. The reduction with respect to a single particle in quiescent fluid is about 12\% and 14\% for the two volume fractions investigated. The probability density function of the particle velocity is almost Gaussian in a turbulent flow, whereas it displays large positive tails in quiescent fluid. These tails are associated to the intermittent fast sedimentation of particle pairs in drafting-kissing-tumbling motions. The particle lateral dispersion is higher in a turbulent flow, whereas the vertical one is, surprisingly, of comparable magnitude as a consequence of the highly intermittent behavior observed in the quiescent fluid. Using the concept of mean relative velocity we estimate the mean drag coefficient from empirical formulas and show that non stationary effects, related to vortex shedding, explain the increased reduction in mean settling velocity in a turbulent environment.

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