纳米气泡的热力学稳定性
Thermodynamic Stability of Nanobubbles
摘要：
所观察到的纳米气泡的稳定性与经典成核理论中的众所周知的结果相矛盾，即临界半径是微观的和热力学的不稳定的。在这里，纳米级的稳定性被证明是两个非经典机制的综合结果。结果表明，表面张力随过饱和度的增加而减小，这给出了一个纳米级的临界半径。虽然没有一个自由的球形气泡，也没有一个半球形的气泡上的疏水表面是稳定的，它示出了固定的半球形气泡与固定的接触边缘是稳定的，并且总熵是在临界半径处的最大值。
英文摘要：
The observed stability of nanobubbles contradicts the well-known result in classical nucleation theory, that the critical radius is both microscopic and thermodynamically unstable. Here nanoscopic stability is shown to be the combined result of two non-classical mechanisms. It is shown that the surface tension decreases with increasing supersaturation, and that this gives a nanoscopic critical radius. Whilst neither a free spherical bubble nor a hemispherical bubble mobile on an hydrophobic surface are stable, it is shown that an immobilized hemispherical bubble with a pinned contact rim is stable and that the total entropy is a maximum at the critical radius.
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