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arXiv 1503.02610cond-mat.soft
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溶液和脂质双层膜中活性蛋白机器的流体动力学集体效应

Hydrodynamic Collective Effects of Active Protein Machines in Solution and Lipid Bilayers

Alexander Mikhailov, Raymond Kapral

摘要:

生物细胞中的细胞质和生物膜含有大量周期性改变其形状的蛋白质。它们是分子机器,可以作为分子马达发挥作用,或者在细胞中执行许多其他任务。我们分析了由活性蛋白质诱导的流体动力学流动对溶液或膜中其他被动分子的影响。我们发现,被动粒子的扩散常数大大增强。此外,当存在活性蛋白梯度时,发生被动颗粒的趋化性样漂移。在脂质双层中,这种效应是强烈非局部的,因此膜中的活性内含物有助于扩散增强和漂移。结果表明,在非平衡条件下,含活性蛋白质机器的系统中被动粒子的输运性质不同于热平衡条件下的系统。

英文摘要:

The cytoplasm and biomembranes in biological cells contain large numbers of proteins that cyclically change their shapes. They are molecular machines that can function as molecular motors or carry out many other tasks in the cell. We analyze the effects that hydrodynamic flows induced by active proteins have on other passive molecules in solution or membranes. We show that the diffusion constants of passive particles are enhanced substantially. Furthermore, when gradients of active proteins are present, a chemotaxis-like drift of passive particles takes place. In lipid bilayers, the effects are strongly nonlocal, so that active inclusions in the membrane contribute to diffusion enhancement and the drift. The results indicate that the transport properties of passive particles in systems containing active proteins machines operating under nonequilibrium conditions differ from their counterparts in systems at thermal equilibrium.

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