arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1503.02298math.COcs.DM
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圈五连通三次图

Cyclically five-connected cubic graphs

Neil Robertson, P. D. Seymour, Robin Thomas

摘要:

一个三次图$G$是循环5-连通的,如果$G$是简单的,3-连通的,至少有10个顶点,并且对于每一个至多4条边的$F$,$G\backslash F$的至多一个分支包含电路。证明了:若$G$和$H$是循环5连通三次图,且$H$拓扑包含$G$,则$G$和$H$同构,或存在循环5连通三次图$G'$,使得$H$拓扑包含$G'$,且$G'$由$G$以下列两种方式之一得到.或者通过细分$G$的两个不同的边并通过边连接两个新顶点从$G$获得$G'$,或者通过细分长度为5的电路的每个边并通过匹配到与$G$不相交的长度为5的新电路来连接新顶点从$G$获得$G'$,使得两个电路的循环顺序一致。我们证明了一个同伴的结果,通过稍微增加$H$的连接,我们能够消除第二个建设。我们还证明了当$G$几乎是循环5连通时这两个结果的版本,即它满足定义,除了4边切割使得一侧是长度为四的电路。在这种情况下,要求$G'$几乎是循环5-连接的,并且长度为4的电路比$G$少。特别地,如果$G$最多有一个长度为4的电路,则要求$G'$循环5-连接。然而,在这种更一般的设置中,描述可能的图$G'$的操作更复杂。

英文摘要:

A cubic graph $G$ is cyclically 5-connected if $G$ is simple, 3-connected, has at least 10 vertices and for every set $F$ of edges of size at most four, at most one component of $G\backslash F$ contains circuits. We prove that if $G$ and $H$ are cyclically 5-connected cubic graphs and $H$ topologically contains $G$, then either $G$ and $H$ are isomorphic, or (modulo well-described exceptions) there exists a cyclically 5-connected cubic graph $G'$ such that $H$ topologically contains $G'$ and $G'$ is obtained from $G$ in one of the following two ways. Either $G'$ is obtained from $G$ by subdividing two distinct edges of $G$ and joining the two new vertices by an edge, or $G'$ is obtained from $G$ by subdividing each edge of a circuit of length five and joining the new vertices by a matching to a new circuit of length five disjoint from $G$ in such a way that the cyclic orders of the two circuits agree. We prove a companion result, where by slightly increasing the connectivity of $H$ we are able to eliminate the second construction. We also prove versions of both of these results when $G$ is almost cyclically 5-connected in the sense that it satisfies the definition except for 4-edge cuts such that one side is a circuit of length four. In this case $G'$ is required to be almost cyclically 5-connected and to have fewer circuits of length four than $G$. In particular, if $G$ has at most one circuit of length four, then $G'$ is required to be cyclically 5-connected. However, in this more general setting the operations describing the possible graphs $G'$ are more complicated.

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