Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is considered as the most accurate method for radiation dose calculations. Accuracy of a source model for a linear accelerator is critical for the overall dose calculation accuracy. In this paper, we presented an analytical source model that we recently developed for GPU-based MC dose calculations. A key concept called phase-space-ring (PSR) was proposed. It contained a group of particles that are of the same type and close in energy and radial distance to the center of the phase-space plane. The model parameterized probability densities of particle location, direction and energy for each primary photon PSR, scattered photon PSR and electron PSR. For a primary photon PSRs, the particle direction is assumed to be from the beam spot. A finite spot size is modeled with a 2D Gaussian distribution. For a scattered photon PSR, multiple Gaussian components were used to model the particle direction. The direction distribution of an electron PSRs was also modeled as a 2D Gaussian distribution with a large standard deviation. We also developed a method to analyze a phase-space file and derive corresponding model parameters. To test the accuracy of our linac source model, dose distributions of different open fields in a water phantom were calculated using our source model and compared to those directly calculated using the reference phase-space file. The average distance-to-agreement (DTA) was within 1 mm for the depth dose in the build-up region and beam penumbra regions. The root-mean-square (RMS) dose difference was within 1.1% for dose profiles at inner and outer beam regions. The maximal relative difference of output factors was within 0.5%. Good agreements were also found in an IMRT prostate patient case and an IMRT head-and-neck case. These results demonstrated the efficacy of our source model in terms of accurately representing a reference phase-space file.
An Analytic Linear Accelerator Source Model for Monte Carlo dose calculations. II. Model Utilization in a GPU-based Monte Carlo Package and Automatic Source Commissioning
Non-invasive Reversible Software-based Electron FLASH Irradiation Configuration of a Linear Accelerator in Clinical Use
Stanford University School of Medicine（斯坦福大学医学院）；University of California Irvine（加州大学尔湾分校）；Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network（公主玛格丽特癌症中心，联合健康网络）
Monte Carlo Simulation of 6MV Elekta Synergy Platform Linac photon beam using Gate/Geant4
本工作致力于开发一个计算模型，使用门蒙特卡罗软件模拟Elekta Synergy平台医用直线加速器治疗头提供的6 MV光子束。该模型包括多叶加速器头的主要组件和均质水模体。对光子束进行了计算，在距离源100 cm处，几个治疗野的尺寸范围为5*5 cm 2至30*30 cm 2。通过与哈桑二世区域肿瘤中心测量的实验分布进行比较，成功地验证了模拟。模拟和测量之间的良好协议进行了观察，剂量差异约为1.6%和1.8%的深度剂量和横向剂量分布，分别。还进行了伽马指数比较，其中所有模拟的98%以上的点通过了3 mm/3%的标准质量保证标准。
Laboratory Report (LR) to the paper Foundation of an analytical proton beamlet model for inclusion in a general proton dose calculation system [arXiv:1009.0832]
Addressing respiratory gating latency for accurate pulse delivery in preclinical electron FLASH irradiation on a clinical linear accelerator
Stanford University School of Medicine（斯坦福大学医学院）；Varian Medical Systems（瓦里安医疗系统）；The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center（德克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心）；University of California Irvine School of Medicine（加州大学欧文分校医学院）
PyDoseRT Proton: A GPU Pencil-Beam Engine with a Convolutional Residual-Correction Network for Fast Proton Dose Calculation
Medical University of Vienna（维也纳医科大学）；Christian Doppler Laboratory for Image and Knowledge Driven Precision Radiation Oncology（克里斯蒂安·多普勒图像与知识驱动精准放射肿瘤学实验室）；Umeå University（于默奥大学）
OpenPINT: Open-source Planning for Isoeffective Nuclear Treatments in BNCT research
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, unit of Pavia（意大利国家核物理研究所帕维亚分部）；Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CNEA（阿根廷国家原子能委员会）；Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET（阿根廷国家科学研究委员会）；Universidad Nacional de San Martín（圣马丁国立大学）；Università degli studi di Pavia, Dipartimento di Fisica “Alessandro Volta”（帕维亚大学亚历山德罗·伏打物理系）
Potential pof laser-driven VHEEs towards FLASH radiotherapy: Monte Carlo dosimetric study of single-field pencil beam scanning of a brain tumor
Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, CNR-INO（强激光辐照实验室，CNR-INO）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa（意大利国家核物理研究所，比萨分部）；Clinica S.Rossore（S.Rossore诊所）；CNR-IFC；Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）
Charge Collection Efficiency in Air-Vented Plane-Parallel Ionisation Chambers at Ultra-High Dose Rates: A Self-Consistent Garfield++ Monte Carlo Model Including Space-Charge Effects and Ion Recombination
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)（布鲁塞尔自由大学）；Ion Beam Applications SA（离子束应用公司）
