声誉经济：学术数据共享的实证研究
A Reputation Economy: Results from an Empirical Survey on Academic Data Sharing
摘要：
学术数据共享是研究人员协作的一种方式，从而满足日益复杂的研究环境的需求。它使研究人员能够验证结果，并利用“旧”数据寻求新的研究问题。因此，资助机构、期刊和研究人员都提倡数据共享也就不足为奇了。我们调查了所有学科的2661名个人学术研究人员，了解他们如何处理数据，他们的出版实践以及分享或保留研究数据的动机。1564份有效回复的结果表明，跨学科的研究人员认识到二手研究数据对他们自己的工作和整个科学进步的好处，但他们只是适度地使用它。对这一证据的解释可能是一个学术体系，它不是由金钱激励驱动的，也不是对科学进步的渴望，而是由个人声誉（在高排名的期刊）出版物中表达的。我们把这个系统称为声誉经济。这种特殊的经济解释了我们的发现，表明研究人员有一个微妙的想法，如何提供足够的正式承认，使数据提供给他人，即数据引用。我们的结论是，只有当共享以声誉的形式付费时，数据共享才会在研究专业人员中被广泛采用。因此，旨在促进研究合作的政策措施需要将学术界理解为声誉经济。成功的措施必须比现在更重视中间产品，如研究数据。
英文摘要：
Academic data sharing is a way for researchers to collaborate and thereby meet the needs of an increasingly complex research landscape. It enables researchers to verify results and to pursuit new research questions with "old" data. It is therefore not surprising that data sharing is advocated by funding agencies, journals, and researchers alike. We surveyed 2661 individual academic researchers across all disciplines on their dealings with data, their publication practices, and motives for sharing or withholding research data. The results for 1564 valid responses show that researchers across disciplines recognise the benefit of secondary research data for their own work and for scientific progress as a whole-still they only practice it in moderation. An explanation for this evidence could be an academic system that is not driven by monetary incentives, nor the desire for scientific progress, but by individual reputation-expressed in (high ranked journal) publications. We label this system a Reputation Economy. This special economy explains our findings that show that researchers have a nuanced idea how to provide adequate formal recognition for making data available to others-namely data citations. We conclude that data sharing will only be widely adopted among research professionals if sharing pays in form of reputation. Thus, policy measures that intend to foster research collaboration need to understand academia as a reputation economy. Successful measures must value intermediate products, such as research data, more highly than it is the case now.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
