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arXiv 1503.00142cond-mat.str-el
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精确可解三维晶格模型中的环编织统计

Loop braiding statistics in exactly soluble 3D lattice models

Chien-Hung Lin, Michael Levin

摘要:

我们构建了两个完全可溶的晶格自旋模型,证明了三圈编织统计对3D带隙量子相位分类的重要性。这两个模型在表面上是相似的:都是带隙的,都支持类似于$\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$规范理论中的电荷和涡线的粒子状和环状激发。此外,在这两个模型中的粒子激发玻色子,在这两个模型中的粒子和环激发有相同的相互编织统计。这两种模型之间的差异只有在考虑最近提出的三圈编织过程时才明显,在该过程中,一个圈围绕另一个圈编织,而两个圈都连接到第三个圈。我们发现,与此过程相关的统计阶段是不同的两个模型,从而证明他们属于两个不同的阶段。这项工作的一个重要特点是,我们得出我们的结果使用一个具体的方法:我们构建字符串和膜运营商,创建和移动的粒子和回路的激发,然后我们提取编织统计这些运营商的交换代数。

英文摘要:

We construct two exactly soluble lattice spin models that demonstrate the importance of three-loop braiding statistics for the classification of 3D gapped quantum phases. The two models are superficially similar: both are gapped and both support particle-like and loop-like excitations similar to that of charges and vortex lines in a $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory. Furthermore, in both models the particle excitations are bosons, and in both models the particle and loop excitations have the same mutual braiding statistics. The difference between the two models is only apparent when one considers the recently proposed three-loop braiding process in which one loop is braided around another while both are linked to a third loop. We find that the statistical phase associated with this process is different in the two models, thus proving that they belong to two distinct phases. An important feature of this work is that we derive our results using a concrete approach: we construct string and membrane operators that create and move the particle and loop excitations and then we extract the braiding statistics from the commutation algebra of these operators.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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