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arXiv 1502.06589math-phhep-phhep-thmath.MPmath.RTquant-ph
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Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff公式的一种算法

An algorithm for the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula

Marco Matone

摘要:

一个简单的算法,它利用BCH公式的结合性,并可以通过迭代推广,扩展了显着的简化贝克-坎贝尔-豪斯多夫(BCH)公式,最近由范-布伦特和维瑟。我们表明,如果$[X,Y]=uX+vY+cI$,$[Y,Z]=wY+zZ+dI$,并始终与雅可比恒等式,$[X,Z]=mX+nY+pZ+eI$,然后$$ \exp(X)\exp(Y)\exp(Z)=\exp({aX+bY+cZ+dI}) $$其中$a$,$b$,$c$和$d$是四个方程的解决方案。特别地,Van-Brunt和Visser公式$$\exp(X)\exp(Z)=\exp({aX+bZ+c[X,Z]+dI}) $$扩展到当$[X,Z]$还包含不同于$X$和$Z$的元素时的情况。这种封闭形式的BCH公式可能在数学和物理中有有趣的应用。作为应用,我们给出了Virasoro代数指数化情形下BCH公式的封闭形式,其中${\rm SL}_2({\rm C})$作为子情形.我们还确定了Virasoro代数的三维子代数满足Van-Brunt和Visser条件。事实证明,${\rm SL}_2({\rm C})$的指数形式在其特征值和相应的莫比乌斯变换的不动点方面具有很好的表示。这可能在一致化理论和共形场论中有应用。

英文摘要:

A simple algorithm, which exploits the associativity of the BCH formula, and that can be generalized by iteration, extends the remarkable simplification of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) formula, recently derived by Van-Brunt and Visser. We show that if $[X,Y]=uX+vY+cI$, $[Y,Z]=wY+zZ+dI$, and, consistently with the Jacobi identity, $[X,Z]=mX+nY+pZ+eI$, then $$ \exp(X)\exp(Y)\exp(Z)=\exp({aX+bY+cZ+dI}) $$ where $a$, $b$, $c$ and $d$ are solutions of four equations. In particular, the Van-Brunt and Visser formula $$\exp(X)\exp(Z)=\exp({aX+bZ+c[X,Z]+dI}) $$ extends to cases when $[X,Z]$ contains also elements different from $X$ and $Z$. Such a closed form of the BCH formula may have interesting applications both in mathematics and physics. As an application, we provide the closed form of the BCH formula in the case of the exponentiation of the Virasoro algebra, with ${\rm SL}_2({\rm C})$ following as a subcase. We also determine three-dimensional subalgebras of the Virasoro algebra satisfying the Van-Brunt and Visser condition. It turns out that the exponential form of ${\rm SL}_2({\rm C})$ has a nice representation in terms of its eigenvalues and of the fixed points of the corresponding Möbius transformation. This may have applications in Uniformization theory and Conformal Field Theories.

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