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arXiv 1502.06227quant-ph
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物理学中相对可预测性的非概率模型

A Non-Probabilistic Model of Relativised Predictability in Physics

Alastair A. Abbott, Cristian S. Calude, Karl Svozil

摘要:

很少有人致力于研究(非)可预测性的一般概念或模型,但它是整个物理学中的一个重要概念,在量子信息理论中起着核心作用,其中关键结果依赖于测量结果的假定固有不可预测性。在本文中,我们继续在[1]中开始的计划,开发一个通用的,非概率模型的物理(非)可预测性。我们提出了一个更精细的模型,能够研究不同程度的“相对化”的不可预测性。该模型是基于一个代理的能力,通过统一的,有效的手段,正确和可重复地预测使用从环境中提取的有限信息的实验结果。我们使用这个模型来进一步研究不同的量子现象所证明的不可预测性的程度,表明量子互补性保证了一种形式的相对不可预测性,这种相对不可预测性比Kochen-Specker型值不确定性所保证的要弱。我们进一步证明互补性和价值不确定性之间的差异,证明互补性与价值不确定性不同,互补性与可计算比特序列的产生是相容的。

英文摘要:

Little effort has been devoted to studying generalised notions or models of (un)predictability, yet is an important concept throughout physics and plays a central role in quantum information theory, where key results rely on the supposed inherent unpredictability of measurement outcomes. In this paper we continue the programme started in [1] developing a general, non-probabilistic model of (un)predictability in physics. We present a more refined model that is capable of studying different degrees of "relativised" unpredictability. This model is based on the ability for an agent, acting via uniform, effective means, to predict correctly and reproducibly the outcome of an experiment using finite information extracted from the environment. We use this model to study further the degree of unpredictability certified by different quantum phenomena, showing that quantum complementarity guarantees a form of relativised unpredictability that is weaker than that guaranteed by Kochen-Specker-type value indefiniteness. We exemplify further the difference between certification by complementarity and value indefiniteness by showing that, unlike value indefiniteness, complementarity is compatible with the production of computable sequences of bits.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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