信息物理学
The Physics of Information
摘要：
我们审查（理论）物理和非专家信息之间的接口。信息的起源与熵的概念有关的描述，首先在热力学的背景下，然后在统计力学的背景下。仔细研究统计力学的基础，以及调和世界的概率论和确定论观点的必要性，使我们讨论混沌动力学，在混沌动力学中，信息在量化可预测性方面起着至关重要的作用。然后，我们讨论了各种基本问题，出现在定义信息，以及如何一个人必须行使在讨论的概念，如秩序，无序和不完整的知识小心。我们还讨论了熵的另一种形式及其与非平衡态热力学的可能相关性。在论文的最后一部分，我们讨论了量子力学是如何产生非常不同的量子信息概念的。由于量子力学固有的大规模并行处理，信息存储和计算的新可能性是可能的。我们还指出如何熵可以扩展到应用到量子力学提供一个有用的测量量子纠缠。最后，我们对量子理论和广义相对论之间的界面做了一个小小的探索，在那里，人们面临着由黑洞物理学提出的“终极信息悖论”。在这篇评论中，我们限制了自己;不是所有涉及物理和信息的相关主题都可以涵盖。
英文摘要：
We review of the interface between (theoretical) physics and information for non-experts. The origin of information as related to the notion of entropy is described, first in the context of thermodynamics then in the context of statistical mechanics. A close examination of the foundations of statistical mechanics and the need to reconcile the probabilistic and deterministic views of the world leads us to a discussion of chaotic dynamics, where information plays a crucial role in quantifying predictability. We then discuss a variety of fundamental issues that emerge in defining information and how one must exercise care in discussing concepts such as order, disorder, and incomplete knowledge. We also discuss an alternative form of entropy and its possible relevance for nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In the final part of the paper we discuss how quantum mechanics gives rise to the very different concept of quantum information. Entirely new possibilities for information storage and computation are possible due to the massive parallel processing inherent in quantum mechanics. We also point out how entropy can be extended to apply to quantum mechanics to provide a useful measurement for quantum entanglement. Finally we make a small excursion to the interface betweeen quantum theory and general relativity, where one is confronted with an "ultimate information paradox" posed by the physics of Black Holes. In this review we have limited ourselves; not all relevant topics that touch on physics and information could be covered.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
