物理学的观察。力学
Physics of the Observable. Mechanics
摘要：
力学可以建立在一个原理中，该原理说明可观测粒子的位置的不确定性Δ q作为其相对于观察者的运动的函数，以轨迹表示。根据这一原理，p. δ-q =常数，当p为q-共轭动量时，导出了力学定律，并讨论了拉格朗日函数和哈密顿函数的意义。文中还讨论了该原理与Hamilton的最小作用量原理之间的联系。对于一个隐藏在直接观察之外的粒子，位置的不确定性是由封闭的边界决定的，因此与它的动量无关。热作为一种非力学量，源于这一事实，而热力学量在所提出的形式体系中有直接的表达。最后表明，在信息论的角度来看，力学定律有简单的解释。动能和势能分别是关于动量和位置的信息的表达，并且能量守恒定律表示在机械相互作用中不存在信息交换。
英文摘要：
Mechanics can be founded in a principle stating the uncertainty in the position of an observable particle delta-q as a function of its motion relative to the observer, expressed in a trajectory representation . From this principle, p.delta-q=const., being p the q-conjugated momentum, mechanical laws are derived and the meaning of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions are discussed. The connection between the presented principle and Hamilton's Least Action Principle is examined. For a particle hidden from direct observation, the position uncertainty is determined by the enclosing boundaries, and is, thus, disengaged from its momentum. Heat, as a non-mechanical magnitude, stem from this fact, and thermodynamical magnitudes have direct expression in the presented formalism. It is finally shown that in terms of Information Theory, mechanical laws have simple interpretation. Kinetic and potential energies are expressions of the information on momentum and position respectively, and the law of conservation of energy expresses the absence of information exchange in mechanical interactions.
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