关于玻尔兹曼脑的注记
A Note on Boltzmann Brains
摘要：
在一般假设下，理解观察到的时间之箭就相当于解释为什么玻尔兹曼的大脑不能压倒普通的观察者。人们通常认为，这提供了一个条件，每个宇宙学上可达到的德西特真空的衰变率，而这个条件是由玻尔兹曼大脑的产生率决定的，玻尔兹曼大脑的产生率是用建立在每个这样的真空上的半经典理论计算的。我们认为，基于最近开发的微观量子引力自由度的图片，这种想法需要修改。特别是，根据基本理论的结构，德西特真空的衰变率可能不需要满足任何条件，除了庞加莱递归所施加的条件。这里讨论的框架也解决了闵可夫斯基真空是否可以产生玻尔兹曼大脑的问题。
英文摘要：
Understanding the observed arrow of time is equivalent, under general assumptions, to explaining why Boltzmann brains do not overwhelm ordinary observers. It is usually thought that this provides a condition on the decay rate of every cosmologically accessible de Sitter vacuum, and that this condition is determined by the production rate of Boltzmann brains calculated using semiclassical theory built on each such vacuum. We argue, based on a recently developed picture of microscopic quantum gravitational degrees of freedom, that this thinking needs to be modified. In particular, depending on the structure of the fundamental theory, the decay rate of a de Sitter vacuum may not have to satisfy any condition except for the one imposed by the Poincare recurrence. The framework discussed here also addresses the question of whether a Minkowski vacuum may produce Boltzmann brains.
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