全息暗能量模型中避免玻尔兹曼脑支配
Avoiding Boltzmann Brain domination in holographic dark energy models
摘要：
在一个空间无限且永恒的宇宙中，最终接近德西特（或准德西特）状态，结构可以通过热涨落形成，因为这样的空间是热的。暗能量的模型调用全息原理自然适合这样一个类别，而孤立的大脑在其他空无一物的空间中的自发形成似乎是最令人困惑的，创造了玻尔兹曼大脑（BB）悖论。因此，我们有必要问一问，这样的模型是否可以摆脱玻尔兹曼大脑的支配。在这里，我们只考虑最简单的模型，但在描述宇宙时采用了局部和全局的观点。在前一种情况下，我们发现，如果一个参数$c$，它调制的暗能量密度，位于最自然的$c = 1$线周围的指数窄带之外，该理论是呈现BB安全。在后一种情况下，$c$上的界限呈指数级更强，似乎与从各种观测测试中获得的$c$上的界限不一致。
英文摘要：
In a spatially infinite and eternal universe approaching ultimately a de Sitter (or quasi-de Sitter) regime, structure can form by thermal fluctuations as such a space is thermal. The models of Dark Energy invoking holographic principle fit naturally into such a category, and spontaneous formation of isolated brains in otherwise empty space seems the most perplexing, creating the paradox of Boltzmann Brains (BB). It is thus appropriate to ask if such models can be made free from domination by Boltzmann Brains. Here we consider only the simplest model, but adopt both the local and the global viewpoint in the description of the Universe. In the former case, we find that if a parameter $c$, which modulates the Dark Energy density, lies outside the exponentially narrow strip around the most natural $c = 1$ line, the theory is rendered BB-safe. In the later case, the bound on $c$ is exponentially stronger, and seemingly at odds with those bounds on $c$ obtained from various observational tests.
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