Financial markets based on Lévy processes are typically incomplete and option prices depend on risk attitudes of individual agents. In this context, the notion of utility indifference price has gained popularity in the academic circles. Although theoretically very appealing, this pricing method remains difficult to apply in practice, due to the high computational cost of solving the nonlinear partial integro-differential equation associated to the indifference price. In this work, we develop closed form approximations to exponential utility indifference prices in exponential Lévy models. To this end, we first establish a new non-asymptotic approximation of the indifference price which extends earlier results on small risk aversion asymptotics of this quantity. Next, we use this formula to derive a closed-form approximation of the indifference price by treating the Lévy model as a perturbation of the Black-Scholes model. This extends the methodology introduced in a recent paper for smooth linear functionals of Lévy processes (A. Černý, S. Denkl and J. Kallsen, arXiv:1309.7833) to nonlinear and non-smooth functionals. Our closed formula represents the indifference price as the linear combination of the Black-Scholes price and correction terms which depend on the variance, skewness and kurtosis of the underlying Lévy process, and the derivatives of the Black-Scholes price. As a by-product, we obtain a simple explicit formula for the spread between the buyer's and the seller's indifference price. This formula allows to quantify, in a model-independent fashion, how sensitive a given product is to jump risk in the limit of small jump size.
We propose a model for an insurance loss index and the claims process of a single insurance company holding a fraction of the total number of contracts that captures both ordinary losses and losses due to catastrophes. In this model we price a catastrophe derivative by the method of utility indifference pricing. The associated stochastic optimization problem is treated by techniques for piecewise deterministic Markov processes. A numerical study illustrates our results.
Our goal is to analyze the system of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations arising in derivative securities pricing models. The European style of an option price is constructed as a difference of the certainty equivalents to the value functions solving the system of HJB equations. We introduce the transformation method for solving the penalized nonlinear partial differential equation. The transformed equation involves possibly non-constant the risk aversion function containing the negative ratio between the second and first derivatives of the utility function. Using comparison principles we derive…
We develop a model for indifference pricing in derivatives markets where price quotes have bid-ask spreads and finite quantities. The model quantifies the dependence of the prices and hedging portfolios on an investor's beliefs, risk preferences and financial position as well as on the price quotes. Computational techniques of convex optimisation allow for fast computation of the hedging portfolios and prices as well as sensitivities with respect to various model parameters. We illustrate the techniques by pricing and hedging of exotic derivatives on S&P index using call and put options, forwa…
We study indifference pricing of exotic derivatives by using hedging strategies that take static positions in quoted derivatives but trade the underlying and cash dynamically over time. We use real quotes that come with bid-ask spreads and finite quantities. Galerkin method and integration quadratures are used to approximate the hedging problem by a finite dimensional convex optimization problem which is solved by an interior point method. The techniques are extended also to situations where the underlying is subject to bid-ask spreads. As an illustration, we compute indifference prices of pat…
We consider indifference pricing of contingent claims consisting of payment flows in a discrete time model with proportional transaction costs and under exponential disutility. This setting covers utility maximisation as a special case. A dual representation is obtained for the associated disutility minimisation problem, together with a dynamic procedure for solving it. This leads to efficient and convergent numerical procedures for indifference pricing, optimal trading strategies and shadow prices that apply to a wide range of payoffs, a large range of time steps and all magnitudes of transac…
In this paper, we propose the exponential Levy neural network (ELNN) for option pricing, which is a new non-parametric exponential Levy model using artificial neural networks (ANN). The ELNN fully integrates the ANNs with the exponential Levy model, a conventional pricing model. So, the ELNN can improve ANN-based models to avoid several essential issues such as unacceptable outcomes and inconsistent pricing of over-the-counter products. Moreover, the ELNN is the first applicable non-parametric exponential Levy model by virtue of outstanding researches on optimization in the field of ANN. The e…
We study the hedging and valuation of European and American claims on a non-traded asset $Y$, when a traded stock $S$ is available for hedging, with $S$ and $Y$ following correlated geometric Brownian motions. This is an incomplete market, often called a basis risk model. The market agent's risk preferences are modelled using a so-called forward performance process (forward utility), which is a time-decreasing utility of exponential type. Moreover, the market agent (investor) does not know with certainty the values of the asset price drifts. This market setting with drift parameter uncertainty…
We present an approach for pricing European call options in presence of proportional transaction costs, when the stock price follows a general exponential Lévy process. The model is a generalization of the celebrated work of Davis, Panas and Zariphopoulou (1993), where the value of the option is defined as the utility indifference price. This approach requires the solution of two stochastic singular control problems in finite horizon, satisfying the same Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, with different terminal conditions. We introduce a general formulation for these portfolio selection proble…
In this paper, we construct the utility-based optimal hedging strategy for a European-type option in the Almgren-Chriss model with temporary price impact. The main mathematical challenge of this work stems from the degeneracy of the second order terms and the quadratic growth of the first order terms in the associated HJB equation, which makes it difficult to establish sufficient regularity of the value function needed to construct the optimal strategy in a feedback form. By combining the analytic and probabilistic tools for describing the value function and the optimal strategy, we establish …
We propose a general framework of European power option pricing under two different market assumptions about extended Vasicěk interest rate process and exponential Ornstein-Uhlenbeck asset process with continuous dividend as underlying, in which the Brownian motions involved in Vasicěk interest rate and exponential Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process are time-dependent correlated in equivalent martingale measure probability space or real-world probability space respectively. We first develop European power option pricing in two types of payoffs with martingale method under the market assumption that Va…
The accuracy of least squares calibration using option premiums and particle filtering of price data to find model parameters is determined. Derivative models using exponential Lévy processes are calibrated using regularized weighted least squares with respect to the minimal entropy martingale measure. Sequential importance resampling is used for the Bayesian inference problem of time series parameter estimation with proposal distribution determined using extended Kalman filter. The algorithms converge to their respective global optima using a highly parallelizable statistical optimization app…
The author presents alternatives to the Black-Scholes european call option pricing model by incorporating different transaction cost structures in the replicating strategy. In particular, an exponentially decreasing structure is proposed and developed.
We propose a new model for electricity pricing based on the price cap principle. The particularity of the model is that the asset price is an exponential functional of a jump Lévy process. This model can capture both mean reversion and jumps which are observed in electricity market. It is shown that the value of an European option of this asset is the unique viscosity solution of a partial integro-differential equation (PIDE). A numerical approximation of this solution by the finite differences method is provided. The consistency, stability and convergence results of the scheme are given. Nume…
Analytic estimation of parameters of stochastic volatility diffusion models with exponential-affine characteristic function for currency option pricing
Pricing a multi-asset derivative is an important problem in financial engineering, both theoretically and practically. Although it is suitable to numerically solve partial differential equations to calculate the prices of certain types of derivatives, the computational complexity increases exponentially as the number of underlying assets increases in some classical methods, such as the finite difference method. Therefore, there are efforts to reduce the computational complexity by using quantum computation. However, when solving with naive quantum algorithms, the target derivative price is emb…
We consider a defaultable asset whose risk-neutral pricing dynamics are described by an exponential Lévy-type martingale. This class of models allows for a local volatility, local default intensity and a locally dependent Lévy measure. We present a pricing method for Bermudan options based on an analytical approximation of the characteristic function combined with the COS method. Due to a special form of the obtained characteristic function the price can be computed using a Fast Fourier Transform-based algorithm resulting in a fast and accurate calculation. The Greeks can be computed at almost…
We establish several closed pricing formula for various path-independent payoffs, under an exponential Lévy model driven by the Variance Gamma process. These formulas take the form of quickly convergent series and are obtained via tools from Mellin transform theory as well as from multidimensional complex analysis. Particular focus is made on the symmetric process, but extension to the asymmetric process is also provided. Speed of convergence and comparison with numerical methods (Fourier transform, quadrature approximations, Monte Carlo simulations) are also discussed; notable feature is the …
