A Space Weather Information Service Based Upon Remote and In-Situ Measurements of Coronal Mass Ejections Heading for Earth
Birgit Ritter, Arjan J. H. Meskers, Oscar Miles, Michael Rußwurm, Stephen Scully, Andrés Roldán, Oliver Hartkorn, Peter Jüstel, Victor Réville, Sorina Lupu, Alexis Ruffenach
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29 pages, 9 figures, accepted by the Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate
The Earth's magnetosphere is formed as a consequence of interaction between the planet's magnetic field and the solar wind, a continuous plasma stream from the Sun. A number of different solar wind phenomena have been studied over the past forty years with the intention of understanding and forecasting solar behavior. One of these phenomena in particular, Earth-bound interplanetary coronal mass ejections (CMEs), can significantly disturb the Earth's magnetosphere for a short time and cause geomagnetic storms. This publication presents a mission concept consisting of six spacecraft that are equally spaced in a heliocentric orbit at 0.72 AU. These spacecraft will monitor the plasma properties, the magnetic field's orientation and magnitude, and the 3D-propagation trajectory of CMEs heading for Earth. The primary objective of this mission is to increase space weather (SW) forecasting time by means of a near real-time information service, that is based upon in-situ and remote measurements of the aforementioned CME properties. The mission's secondary objective is to provide vital data to update scientific models. In-situ measurements are performed using a Solar Wind Analyzer instrumentation package and flux gate magnetometers, while coronagraphs execute remote measurements. Communication with the six identical spacecraft is realized via a deep space network consisting of six ground stations. They provide an information service that is in uninterrupted contact with the spacecraft, allowing for continuous SW monitoring. The data will be handled by a dedicated processing center before being forwarded to the SSA Space Weather Coordination Center who will manage the SW forecasting. The data processing center will additionally archive the data for the scientific community. The proposed concept mission allows for major advances in SW forecasting time and the scientific modelling of SW.
Reply to comment by Yermolaev and Lodkina on "Solar Wind and Heavy Ion Properties of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections" by Owens (2018) in arXiv:2008.05160
Coronal magnetic field value radial distributions obtained by using the information on fast halo coronal mass ejections
基于(Gopalswamy and Yashiro,2011)中描述的求出日冕磁场值径向分布B(R)的方法,并应用于接近天平面的方向,我们确定了沿接近日地轴方向的磁场值径向分布。为此,我们使用(Xue,Wang,and Dou,2005)中的方法,从SOHO/LASCO数据中,发现了快速晕日冕物质抛射(HCME)和与HCME相关的冲击的3D特征。通过这些数据,我们设法获得了距离太阳中心43个太阳半径的B(R)分布,这比Gopalswamy和Yashiro,2011年的数据大约远了2倍。我们得出的结论是,为了提高Gopalswamy-Yashiro方法寻找日冕磁场的准确性,应该发展一种技术来检测在慢速和快速太阳风中移动的CME地点。我们提出了一种技术来选择日冕物质抛射,其中央(傍轴)的一部分移动,事实上,在慢风。
Limb Observations of Global Solar Coronal Extreme-ultraviolet Wavefronts: The Inclination, Kinematics, Coupling with the Expanding Coronal Mass Ejections, and Connection with the Coronal Mass Ejection Driven Shocks
Comment on "Sizes and relative geoeffectiveness of interplanetary coronal mass ejections and the preceding shock sheaths during intense storms in 1996-2005" by J. Zhang et al
A data-driven physics-based transport model of solar energetic particles accelerated by coronal mass ejection shocks propagating through the solar coronal and heliospheric magnetic fields
The initiation of a solar streamer blowout coronal mass ejection arising from the streamer flank
流光爆发(SBO)日冕物质抛射(CME)是一类特殊的CME,其特征是上覆流光逐渐膨胀,缓慢的CME包含一个通量绳结构。从拖缆侧面产生的SBO CME属于SBO CME的一个特殊类别,包括在较高的拖缆拱廊下的三个较低的拱廊。然而,这类特殊的SBO日冕物质抛射的启动机制仍然难以捉摸,由于观测的局限性。在这里,我们报告的关键观测SBO日冕物质抛射与喷发的极冠灯丝,起源于流光侧翼。暗条随着扭动的运动,慢慢地向太阳赤道上升,在爆发前,它经历了一个突然的加速。有趣的是,在上升过程中,暗条场经历了逐渐的外部重连,这是证明了从一个光滑的凹的包络线结构的倾角形状的底部变化,缓慢的流入($\sim$ 1.8 km s $^{-1}$)从暗条场和下面的日冕环,和持久的增亮之间的界面周围的暗条场和下面的日冕环。在暗条源处新形成的低圈和拉伸尾场中的Y形结构表明暗条爆发的内部重联。外部和内部重联的清晰特征揭示了SBO CME的启动机制。
Propagation of the 2012 March Coronal Mass Ejections from the Sun to Heliopause
2012年3月,太阳展示了非凡的活动。特别是,活动区NOAA AR 11429发射了一系列大的日冕物质抛射(CME),当它随太阳从东向西旋转时,STEREO成像。这些持续的喷发预计将产生一个席卷日光层的扰动物质的全球外壳。在地球附近观测到一组激波和行星际日冕物质抛射(ICME),并使用MHD模型从1 AU向外传播。瞬态流相互作用,这擦除源的记忆,并导致一个大的合并的相互作用区域(MIR)与前一个冲击。MHD模型预测,激波和和平号将在2013年4月22日左右达到120 AU,这与旅行者1号探测到的射电辐射周期和银河系宇宙射线的瞬态扰动时间吻合得很好。这些结果对于了解日冕物质抛射在外层日光层中的“命运”是很重要的,并提供了太阳风层顶位于距离太阳约120天文单位的信心。
Data-constrained Model for Coronal Mass Ejections Using Graduated Cylindrical Shell Method
日冕物质抛射(CME)是极端空间天气条件的主要驱动力,这是我们现代技术依赖社会严重关切的问题。发展数值方法模拟日冕物质抛射的产生和通过行星际空间的传播是我们预测日冕物质抛射到达地球的时间及其地球效应的能力的重要一步。在本文中,我们利用一个数据约束的吉布森-低(GL)磁绳模型来产生CME。我们推导出的几何形状的初始GL磁绳使用的分级圆柱壳(GCS)方法。这种方法使用STEREO A & B Cor 1/Cor 2和SOHO/LASCO C2/C3日冕仪的多个视角来确定CME通量绳的大小和方向,因为它开始从太阳爆发。将产生的磁绳插入SDO/HMI视磁图数据驱动的准稳态全球磁流体动力学(MHD)背景太阳风流中,并立即爆发。与多尺度流体动力学模拟套件(MS-FLUKSS)代码得到的数值结果进行了比较,特别是在CME速度,加速度和磁场结构方面的STEREO和SOHO/LASCO日冕观测。