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arXiv 1502.01846physics.space-ph
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基于对地球日冕物质抛射遥感和现场观测的空间天气信息服务

A Space Weather Information Service Based Upon Remote and In-Situ Measurements of Coronal Mass Ejections Heading for Earth

Birgit Ritter, Arjan J. H. Meskers, Oscar Miles, Michael Rußwurm, Stephen Scully, Andrés Roldán, Oliver Hartkorn, Peter Jüstel, Victor Réville, Sorina Lupu, Alexis Ruffenach

摘要:

地球的磁层是由于地球的磁场和来自太阳的连续等离子流太阳风相互作用而形成的。在过去的四十年里,人们研究了许多不同的太阳风现象,目的是了解和预测太阳的行为。特别是其中一种现象,即地球行星际日冕物质抛射(CME),可以在短时间内严重扰乱地球的磁层,并引起地磁风暴。该出版物提出了一个飞行任务概念,由六个航天器组成,这些航天器在0.72天文单位的日心轨道上等距分布。这些航天器将监测等离子体特性、磁场的方向和大小,以及CME向地球的3D传播轨迹。该飞行任务的主要目标是通过近实时信息服务增加空间天气预报时间,该服务以上述日冕物质抛射特性的现场和远程测量为基础。该任务的次要目标是提供重要数据,以更新科学模型。使用太阳风分析仪仪器包和磁通门磁强计进行现场测量,而日冕仪执行远程测量。与六个相同的航天器的通信是通过由六个地面站组成的深空网络实现的。它们提供与航天器不间断联系的信息服务,允许连续的SW监视。这些数据将由一个专门的处理中心处理,然后转发到SSA空间天气协调中心,后者将管理SW预报。数据处理中心还将为科学界存档数据。拟议的概念任务允许在SW预报时间和SW的科学建模方面取得重大进展。

英文摘要:

The Earth's magnetosphere is formed as a consequence of interaction between the planet's magnetic field and the solar wind, a continuous plasma stream from the Sun. A number of different solar wind phenomena have been studied over the past forty years with the intention of understanding and forecasting solar behavior. One of these phenomena in particular, Earth-bound interplanetary coronal mass ejections (CMEs), can significantly disturb the Earth's magnetosphere for a short time and cause geomagnetic storms. This publication presents a mission concept consisting of six spacecraft that are equally spaced in a heliocentric orbit at 0.72 AU. These spacecraft will monitor the plasma properties, the magnetic field's orientation and magnitude, and the 3D-propagation trajectory of CMEs heading for Earth. The primary objective of this mission is to increase space weather (SW) forecasting time by means of a near real-time information service, that is based upon in-situ and remote measurements of the aforementioned CME properties. The mission's secondary objective is to provide vital data to update scientific models. In-situ measurements are performed using a Solar Wind Analyzer instrumentation package and flux gate magnetometers, while coronagraphs execute remote measurements. Communication with the six identical spacecraft is realized via a deep space network consisting of six ground stations. They provide an information service that is in uninterrupted contact with the spacecraft, allowing for continuous SW monitoring. The data will be handled by a dedicated processing center before being forwarded to the SSA Space Weather Coordination Center who will manage the SW forecasting. The data processing center will additionally archive the data for the scientific community. The proposed concept mission allows for major advances in SW forecasting time and the scientific modelling of SW.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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