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arXiv 1502.00439quant-ph
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具有任意自旋的量子Szilard引擎

Quantum Szilard engines with arbitrary spin

Zekun Zhuang, Shi-Dong Liang

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24 pages, 11 figures
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摘要：

量子西拉德引擎（QSZE）是一个概念性的量子引擎，用于理解量子热力学和信息物理的基础物理。我们将QSZE推广到任意自旋情况，即，a自旋准零自旋区（SQSZE），并在低温近似下系统地研究了费米子和玻色子SQSZE的基本物理性质。我们给出了总功的解析表达式。对于费米子SQSZE，可能从环境中吸收功，并且功随温度的变化率具有周期性和奇偶振荡，这是无自旋QSZE的推广。有趣的是，平均吸收功在大数极限下有规律地周期性振荡，这意味着费米子SQSZE中的平均吸收功既不是密集量，也不是广延量。费米子和玻色子SQSZE的相图都给出了SQSZE在系统的温度和粒子数参数空间中做正功或负功的情况，但由于费米子和玻色子的自旋度在它们的组态态和相应的统计性质中起着不同的作用，它们有不同的行为。相变的临界温度敏感地依赖于粒子数。利用Landauer的擦除原理，给出了热力学循环中的擦除功，并定义了一个效率（我们称之为信息-功效率）来衡量发动机利用信息提取功的能力。给出了费米子和玻色子SQSZEs的最大提取功和最高信息功效率的条件。

英文摘要：

The quantum Szilard engine (QSZE) is a conceptual quantum engine for understanding the fundamental physics of quantum thermodynamics and information physics. We generalize the QSZE to an arbitrary spin case, i.e., a spin QSZE (SQSZE), and we systematically study the basic physical properties of both fermion and boson SQSZEs in a low-temperature approximation. We give the analytic formulation of the total work. For the fermion SQSZE, the work might be absorbed from the environment, and the change rate of the work with temperature exhibits periodicity and even-odd oscillation, which is a generalization of a spinless QSZE. It is interesting that the average absorbed work oscillates regularly and periodically in a large-number limit, which implies that the average absorbed work in a fermion SQSZE is neither an intensive quantity nor an extensive quantity. The phase diagrams of both fermion and boson SQSZEs give the SQSZE doing positive or negative work in the parameter space of the temperature and the particle number of the system, but they have different behaviors because the spin degrees of the fermion and the boson play different roles in their configuration states and corresponding statistical properties. The critical temperature of phase transition depends sensitively on the particle number. By using Landauer's erasure principle, we give the erasure work in a thermodynamic cycle, and we define an efficiency (we refer to it as information-work efficiency) to measure the engine's ability of utilizing information to extract work. We also give the conditions under which the maximum extracted work and highest information-work efficiencies for fermion and boson SQSZEs can be achieved.

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