Wojciech Hubert Zurek
We propose and analyze a quantum version of Szilard's ``one-molecule engine.'' In particular, we recover, in the quantum context, Szilard's conclusion concerning the free energy ``cost'' of measurements: $ΔF \geq k_B T\ln2$ per bit of information.
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Quantum Szilard engine constitutes an adequate interplay of thermodynamics, information theory and quantum mechanics. Szilard engines are in general operated by a Maxwell's Demon where Landauer's principle resolves the apparent paradoxes. Here we propose a Szilard engine setup without featuring an explicit Maxwell's demon. In a demonless Szilard engine, the acquisition of which-side information is not required, but erasure and the related heat dissipation still take place implicitly by the very nature of the work extraction process. We see that the insertion of the partition in a quantum Szila…
Multi-Particle Quantum Szilard Engine with Optimal Cycles Assisted by a Maxwell's Demon
本文给出了由一个工作物质和一个麦克斯韦妖组成的多粒子Szilard发动机的全量子描述。恶魔被建模为具有特定量子控制的多能级量子系统，工作物质由服从玻色-爱因斯坦或费米-狄拉克统计的相同粒子组成。在本说明书中，使用通过较低温度的热浴来擦除恶魔的记忆的可逆方案。结果表明：（1）对于单粒子Szilard发动机，可以对Demon的量子控制进行优化，使Demon辅助热力学循环的效率达到卡诺循环的效率;（2）工质的低温行为对粒子的量子统计特性和隔板的插入位置非常敏感。
We address the question of verifying the quantumness of thermal machines. A Szilárd engine is truly quantum if its work output cannot be described by a local hidden state (LHS) model, i. e. an objective local statistical ensemble. Quantumness in this scenario is revealed by a steering-type inequality which bounds the classically extractable work. A quantum Maxwell demon can violate that inequality by exploiting quantum correlations between the work medium and the thermal environment. While for a classical Szilárd engine an objective description of the medium always exists, any such description…
Quantum Szilard Engine
西拉德发动机是麦克斯韦恶魔的精髓，它可以利用信息从热浴中提取功。我们提出了第一个完整的量子分析的SZE，并推导出一个解析表达式的量子SZE包含一个任意数量的分子，其中它是至关重要的插入或删除的壁作为一个合法的热力学过程的过程中进行的量子力学工作。我们发现，更多（更少）的工作，可以提取玻色子（费米）的SZE由于全同粒子的不可分割性。
We propose a new way of looking at the quantum Maxwell's demon problem in terms of conditional action. A "conditional action" on a system is a unitary time evolution, selected according to the result of a previous measurement, which can reduce the entropy of the system. However, any conditional action can be realized by an (unconditional) unitary time evolution of a larger system and a subsequent Lüders measurement, whereby the entropy of the entire system is either increased or remains constant. We give some examples that illustrate and confirm our proposal, including the erasure of $N$ qubit…
We study a quantum Szilard engine that is not powered by heat drawn from a thermal reservoir, but rather by projective measurements. The engine is constituted of a system $\mathcal{S}$, a weight $\mathcal{W}$, and a Maxwell demon $\mathcal{D}$, and extracts work via measurement-assisted feedback control. By imposing natural constraints on the measurement and feedback processes, such as energy conservation and leaving the memory of the demon intact, we show that while the engine can function without heat from a thermal reservoir, it must give up at least one of the following features that are s…
The Szilárd engine is a mechanism (akin to Maxwell's demon) for converting information into energy, which seemingly violates the second law of thermodynamics. Originally a classical thought experiment, it was extended to a quantized treatment by Zurek. Here, we examine a new, elegant model of a quantum Szilárd engine by replacing the traditional rigid box with a harmonic potential, extending the scope of the model. Remarkably, almost all calculations are exact. This article is suitable to students, researchers and educators interested in the conceptual links between information, entropy, and q…
A system in equilibrium does not evolve -- time independence is its telltale characteristic. However, in Newtonian physics the microstate of an individual system (a point in its phase space) evolves incessantly in accord with its equations of motion. Ensembles were introduced in XIX century to bridge that chasm between continuous motion of phase space points in Newtonian dynamics and stasis of thermodynamics: While states of individual classical systems inevitably evolve, a phase space distribution of such states -- an ensemble -- can be time-independent. I show that entanglement (e.g., with t…
The second law, Maxwell's daemon and work derivable from quantum heat engines
利用一类由双能量本征态系统组成的量子热机，在循环的不同阶段分别经历量子绝热过程和与热浴的能量交换，我们能够阐明热力学第二定律的一些重要方面。量子热机也提供了一种实用的方法，作为西拉德发动机的替代品，在物理上实现麦克斯韦的守护进程。在平均遵守第二定律的同时，它们也能够从热浴中提取比热平衡中可能的更多的功。
Is Szilard Engine Really Broken?
本研究针对近期对西拉德引擎运行的质疑，采用范德瓦尔斯表面能原理验证，发现该引擎在特定条件下可借助已确立的活塞正常运行，证实其可行性。
Maxwell Demon from a Quantum Bayesian Networks Perspective
我们提出了一个新的不等式，我们称之为条件老化不等式（CAIN）。CAIN是对热力学第二定律的非平衡状态的轻微概括。本文的目的是研究CAIN的后果。我们使用CAIN来讨论Maxwell Demon过程（即，反馈的热力学过程）。特别是，我们将CAIN应用于四种情况下的Szilard引擎：一个经典的或一个量子系统与一个或两个相关粒子。除了提出这个新的不等式，我们称之为CAIN，本文的另一个新的特点是，我们使用量子贝叶斯网络来分析麦克斯韦恶魔过程。
Composite Particles and the Szilard Engine
Szilard引擎是最简单的引擎，只由盒子中的一个或多个粒子组成。然后将盒子浸入热浴中，并由墙分隔成两部分。众所周知，在低温极限下，人们可以从基本玻色子中提取比从基本费米子中提取更多的功。在本文中，我们考虑的工作量，可以提取出一个系统的复合粒子-粒子是由两个相互作用的基本费米子的不同物种。我们证明，提取的工作量与复合粒子内的纠缠量密切相关
We analyze an engine whose working fluid consists of a single quantum particle, paralleling Szilard's construction of a classical single-particle engine. Following his resolution of Maxwell's Second Law paradox using the latter, which turned on physically instantiating the demon (control subsystem), the quantum engine's design mirrors the classically-chaotic Szilard Map that operates a thermodynamic cycle of measurement, thermal-energy extraction, and memory reset. Focusing on the thermodynamic costs to observe and control the particle and comparing these in the quantum and classical limits, w…
Revisiting the quantum Szilard engine with fully quantum considerations
通过考虑插入过程中的能级移动，我们重新审视了量子Szilard引擎（QSZE）与充分的量子考虑。在两种不同的循环策略下，导出了系统在一个循环中从热浴中吸收的热量和系统对环境作的总功的一般表达式。我们发现只有量子信息对吸收的热量有贡献，而经典信息起着反馈控制器的作用，对吸收的热量没有直接的影响。这是第一次证明量子信息和经典信息在从QSZE中的浴中提取热量时的不同效果。此外，当阱宽$L\rightarrow \infty $或浴温度$T\rightarrow \infty $时，QSZE减小到经典的Szilard发动机（CSZE），并且总功满足Sang Wook Kim等人[Phys.Rev.Lett.1999]获得的关系式$W_{\mathtt{tot}}=k_{B}T \mathtt{ln}2$。106，070401（2011）]。
The interplay between thermal machines and quantum correlations is of great interest in both quantum thermodynamics and quantum information science. Recently, a quantum Szilárd engine has been proposed, showing that the quantum steerability between a Maxwell's demon and a work medium can be beneficial to a work extraction task. Nevertheless, this type of quantum-fueled machine is usually fragile in the presence of decoherence effects. We provide an example of the pure dephasing process, showing that the engine's quantumness can be degraded. Therefore, in this work, we tackle this question by i…
Information and Entropy in Quantum Theory
我们看看某些思想实验的基础上的“延迟选择”和“量子擦除器”的干涉实验，这是一个互补的信息收集从量子测量和干涉效应。有人认为，这些实验表明，量子理论的玻姆解释是站不住脚的。我们证明，这些实验严重依赖于量子光学器件可以作为测量设备的假设，并表明，在这些实验的背景下，它不能以这种方式被一致地理解。相比之下，我们然后展示了如何在玻姆解释的“主动信息”的概念提供了一个连贯的解释这些实验中所示的现象。然后，我们研究信息和熵之间的关系。连接这两个量的思想实验是西拉德引擎版本的麦克斯韦恶魔，有人认为量子测量在其中起着关键作用。我们提供了第一个完整的描述操作的Szilard引擎作为一个量子系统。这使我们能够证明所建议的量子测量的作用是不正确的，并且进一步地，使用信息论来解决西拉德悖论是不必要的和不充分的。最后，我们表明，如果“主动信息”的概念扩展到涵盖热密度矩阵，那么这个悖论所提出的许多概念问题似乎得到解决。
Finite-Time Optimization of Quantum Szilard heat engine
本文提出了一种有限时间量子齐拉德热机，利用具有自旋的量子粒子作为工作物质，通过引入麦克斯韦妖探测自旋状态，在有限时间内捕捉粒子的哪边信息，从而提高信息热机的效率。研究发现，量子热机的效率受理想测量度的限制，并且其功率在短时间范围内与测量时间的三次方成正比，在长时间范围内与测量时间的负一次方成正比。
Quantum Heat Engines, the Second Law and Maxwell's Daemon
介绍了一类量子热机，它由最简单的量子力学系统--双能量本征态系统组成，在循环的不同阶段分别经历量子绝热过程和与热浴的能量交换.有了这类热机和在量子水平上对热传递和功的一些解释，我们就能够澄清热力学第二定律的一些重要方面。特别是，热源比散热器热是不够的，但在通过发动机提取任何功之前，在较热的热源和较冷的散热器之间必须有最小的温差。这个最小温差的大小取决于所涉及的量子引擎的能隙。我们的新量子热机也提供了一种实用的方法，作为Szilard发动机的替代品，在物理上实现麦克斯韦的守护进程。受拉比振荡的启发和激励，我们进一步引入了一些修改的量子热机与单模腔，以，同时尊重第二定律，提取更多的工作，从热浴比否则可能在热平衡。上述结果也可推广到无限多个能级的量子热机，包括一维简谐振子和一维无限方阱。
Quantum Maxwell's Demon in Thermodynamic Cycles
从量子力学的角度描述了Maxwell 'sDemon（MD）的位置测量、壁的插入和信息擦除，研究了MD在热力学循环中做功的物理机制。热机的例子是一个分子被限制在一个无限深的平方势插入一个可移动的固体壁，而MD被建模为一个两级系统（TLS）的测量和控制的分子的运动。发现具有量子相干性的分子动力学或在比粒子热浴温度低的温度下，将增强系统加上分子动力学所形成的整个工作物质对外做功的能力。这一观察结果表明，MD的作用本质上是驱动整个工作物质偏离平衡，或等效地以有效温差工作。对该模型的深入研究揭示了有限尺寸对Szilard热机热力学极限的影响，这与Szilard热机的一般理论相悖。详细计算了量子SHE的效率，证明了热力学第二定律的正确性。
Machine learning techniques based on artificial neural networks have been successfully applied to solve many problems in science. One of the most interesting domains of machine learning, reinforcement learning, has natural applicability for optimization problems in physics. In this work we use deep reinforcement learning and Chopped Random Basis optimization, to solve an optimization problem based on the insertion of an off-center barrier in a quantum Szilard engine. We show that using designed protocols for the time dependence of the barrier strength, we can achieve an equal splitting of the …
Following the rising interest in quantum information science, the extension of a heat engine to the quantum regime by exploring microscopic quantum systems has seen a boom of interest in the last decade. Although quantum coherence in the quantum system of the working medium has been investigated to play a nontrivial role, a complete understanding of the intrinsic quantum advantage of quantum heat engines remains elusive. We experimentally demonstrate that the quantum correlation between the working medium and the thermal bath is critical for the quantum advantage of a quantum Szilard engine, w…
Maxwell's Demon
本文综述了热力学第二定律历史发展中的关键进展，重点讨论了Maxwell之灵（Maxwell's Demon）这一假设性生物所提出的挑战，以及如何通过量子理论中被忽视的特性来确立第二定律的坚实基础。
Quantum discord and local demons
量子不和谐被提出来作为相关性的“量子性”的度量。至少有三个不同的类discord-like量，其中两个决定了在不同限制条件下西拉德发动机效率的差异。三个不和谐的措施同时消失。我们介绍了一种简单的方法来测试为零discord，它与Cerf-Adami条件熵，并表明，有不和谐和本地disitnguishability之间没有关系。
Maxwell's Demon Is Foiled by the Entropy Cost of Measurement, Not Erasure
本文论证拯救热力学第二定律的是测量的熵成本而非信息擦除，指出量子不确定性原理是根本原因，并给出 Szilard 引擎中分子定位的熵成本与 Landauer 原理一致。
Leveraging Machine Learning to Gain Insights on Quantum Thermodynamic Entropy
该研究以单粒子量子热机为对象，结合机器学习分析其热力学成本与机制，对比量子和经典极限，揭示兰道尔原理的热力学权衡，模拟验证其符合热力学第二定律。
Quantum Discord and Maxwell's Demons
量子不和谐被提出作为相关性的“量子性”的信息论度量。我表明，不和谐决定了量子和经典麦克斯韦恶魔的效率之间的差异，从相关的量子系统的集合中提取工作。
A quantum-mechanical Maxwell's demon
麦克斯韦恶魔是一种获取信息并将其用于热力学优势的设备，这显然（但不是实际）与热力学第二定律相矛盾。量子力学版本的麦克斯韦恶魔展示了经典版本所没有的特征：特别是，一个获取量子系统信息的设备在这个过程中会干扰它。此外，由量子测量产生的信息充当热力学低效率的额外来源。本文研究了量子力学麦克斯韦恶魔的性质，并提出了这种设备的实验实现模型。
We study how correlations affect the performance of the simulator of a Maxwell's demon demonstrated in a recent optical experiment [Vidrighin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 050401 (2016)]. The power of the demon is found to be enhanced or hindered, depending on the nature of the correlation, in close analogy to the situation faced by a thermal demon.
On the lack of relation between physics and "Quantum discord and Maxwell's demons"
信息理论的论点在最近出版的“量子不和谐和麦克斯韦的恶魔”进行了讨论，并发现不解决麦克斯韦指定的问题。两个相互关联的和明确的驱魔的恶魔，一个纯粹的热力学，和其他量子热力学简要讨论。在这两次驱魔中，恶魔都无法完成他的任务，既不是因为信息论工具的限制，也不是因为他的智商。这些限制是由于他被要求执行他的恶魔行为的系统的物理状态。
An atom placed in a focused laser beam will experience a dipole force due to the gradient in the interaction energy, which is analogous to the well-known optical tweezers effect. This force will be dependent on the velocity of the atom due to the Doppler effect, which could potentially be used to implement a Maxwell's demon. Photon scattering and other forms of dissipation can be negligibly small, which would seem to contradict quantum information proofs that a Maxwell's demon must dissipate a minimum amount of energy. We show that the velocity dependence of the dipole force is cancelled out b…
Resolution of the century-long paradox on Maxwell's demon reveals a deep connection between information theory and thermodynamics. Although initially introduced as a thought experiment, Maxwell's demon can now be implemented in several physical systems, leading to intriguing test of information-thermodynamic relations. Here, we report experimental realization of a quantum version of Maxwell's demon using solid state spins where the information acquiring and feedback operations by the demon are achieved through conditional quantum gates. A unique feature of this implementation is that the demon…
Quantum Discord and Maxwell's Demons
量子不和谐被提出作为相关性的“量子性”的信息论度量。我表明，不和谐决定了量子和经典麦克斯韦恶魔的效率之间的差异-也就是说，实体，可以或不能测量非局部观测或进行条件量子操作-在提取相关的量子系统的集合工作。
A quantum Maxwell demon is a device that can lower the entropy of a quantum system by providing it with purity. The functionality of such a quantum demon is rooted in a quantum mechanical SWAP operation exchanging mixed and pure states. We describe the setup and performance of a quantum Maxwell demon that purifies an energy-isolated system from a distance. Our cQED-based design involves two transmon qubits, where the mixed-state target qubit is purified by a pure-state demon qubit connected via an off-resonant transmission line; this configuration naturally generates an iSWAP gate. Although le…
The essence of both classical and quantum engines is to extract useful energy (work) from stochastic energy sources, e.g. thermal baths. In Maxwell's demon engines, work extraction is assisted by a feedback control based on measurements performed by a demon, whose memory is erased at some nonzero energy cost. Here we propose a new type of quantum Maxwell's demon engine where work is directly extracted from the measurement channel, such that no heat bath is required. We show that in the Zeno regime of frequent measurements, memory erasure costs eventually vanish. Our findings provide a new para…
Maxwell's demon principle of extracting valuable resources through measuring fluctuations in the system already stimulated modern quantum physics. In contrast to classical physics, a free coupling to a probe and its free measurement fundamentally shape the system state. This becomes a new dimension of the Maxwell demon effect, as in addition to the gained information, the back action on the system can be exploited and essential for further applications. We investigate quantum bosonic Maxwell's demon coupled to a two-level system to address this issue straightforwardly. The deterministic multip…
Maxwell's Demon is at the heart of the interrelation between quantum information processing and thermodynamics. In this thought experiment, a demon generates a temperature gradient between two thermal baths initially at equilibrium by gaining information at the single-particle level and applying classical feed-forward operations, allowing for the extraction of work. Here we implement a photonic version of Maxwell's Demon with active feed-forward in a fibre-based system using ultrafast optical switches. We experimentally show that, if correlations exist between the two thermal baths, the Demon …
Maxwell Demon and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering
本文提出麦克斯韦妖辅助的EPR导引及其量子电路模型，揭示了通过做功模拟量子非定域性关联的新漏洞，并定量描述了妖做功的能量耗散与非定域性关联的关系。
The gedanken experiment of Maxwell's demon has led to the studies concerning the foundations of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The demon measures fluctuations of a system's observable and converts the information gain into work via feedback control. Recent developments have elucidated the relationship between the acquired information and the entropy production and generalized the second law of thermodynamics and the fluctuation theorems. Here we extend the scope to a system subject to quantum fluctuations by exploiting techniques in superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics. W…
Demonstration of Maxwell Demon-assistant Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering via Superconducting Quantum Processor
本研究利用超导量子电路首次实验演示麦克斯韦妖辅助EPR导引，测得导引参数超出经典界限12.6个标准差，验证了非定域性与妖做功的线性关联，揭示EPR导引的麦克斯韦妖漏洞。
Maxwell demon no-go theorem for multichannel scattering
本文针对多通道散射系统提出麦克斯韦妖不可行定理，证明无论哈密顿量多复杂都无法通过单一渐近通道逼近妖行为，并引入参数量化距离，提出在量子光学装置中构建最接近妖行为设备的方法。
The Jaynes Cummings model as an autonomous Maxwell demon
本文研究了 Jaynes-Cummings 模型作为自主 Maxwell 魔鬼的热力学行为，展示了腔体如何通过互信息转化为冷却功率来自主测量和净化量子比特。
Motivated by recent progress on the motive power of information in quantum thermodynamics, we put forth an operational resource theory of Maxwell's demons. We show that the resourceful ({\em daemonic}) states can be partitioned into at most nine irreducible subsets. The sets can be classified by a rank akin to the Schmidt rank for entanglement theory. Moreover, we show that there exists a natural monotone, called the wickedness, which quantifies the multilevel resource content of the states. The present resource theory is shown to share deep connections with the resource theory of thermodynami…
The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Quantum Feedback Control: Maxwell's Demon with Weak Measurements
最近Sagawa和Ueda [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100，080403（2008）]导出了可以使用反馈控制从量子系统中提取的功的界限。他们留下了一个问题，即控制器所能进行的每一次测量是否都能达到这个界限。我们表明，它可以，这是直接从最近的工作麦克斯韦的恶魔由Alicki等人[开放系统。戴纳姆11，205（2004）]，用于离散和连续反馈控制。我们的分析还表明，裸露的，有效的测量总是做非负功的系统在平衡状态下，但不增加热量。
We present an autonomous Maxwell's demon scheme. It is first analysed theoretically in term of information exchange in a closed system and then implemented experimentally with a single Rydberg atom and a high-quality microwave resonator. The atom simulates both a qubit interacting with the cavity, and a demon carrying information on the qubit state. While the cold qubit crosses the hot cavity, the demon prevents energy absorption from the cavity mode, apparently violating the second law of thermodynamics. Taking into account the change of the mutual information between the demon and the qubit-…
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that temporal evolution of an isolated system occurs with non-diminishing entropy. In quantum realm, this holds for energy-isolated systems the evolution of which is described by the so-called unital quantum channel. The entropy of a system evolving in a non-unital quantum channel can, in principle, decrease. We formulate a general criterion of unitality for the evolution of a quantum system, enabling a simple and rigorous approach for finding and identifying the processes accompanied by decreasing entropy in energy-isolated systems. We discuss two examp…
We study quantum Maxwell's demon in a discrete space-time setup. We consider a collection of particles hopping on a one-dimensional chain and a semipermeable barrier that allows the particles to hop in only one direction. Our main result is a formulation of a local unitary dynamics describing the action of this barrier. Such dynamics utilises an auxiliary system $\mathcal{A}$ and we study how properties of $\mathcal{A}$ influence the behaviour of particles. An immediate consequence of unitarity is the fact that particles cannot be trapped on one side of the barrier forever, unless $\mathcal{A}…
A Maxwell demon can reduce the entropy of a quantum system by performing measurements on its environment. The nonsignaling theorem prevents the demon from affecting the average state of the system. We study the preparations of quantum correlations from a system qubit and an auxiliary qubit, assisted by a demon who obtains information of the system qubit from measurements on its environment. The demon can affect the postmeasured states of system by choosing different measurements, which establishes the relationships between quantum steering and other correlations in the thermodynamic framework.…
We discuss a self-contained spin-boson model for a measurement-driven engine, in which a demon generates work from thermal excitations of a quantum spin via measurement and feedback control. Instead of granting it full direct access to the spin state and to Landauer's erasure strokes for optimal performance, we restrict this demon's action to pointer measurements, i.e. random or continuous interrogations of a damped mechanical oscillator that assumes macroscopically distinct positions depending on the spin state. The engine can reach simultaneously the power and efficiency benchmarks and opera…
Maxwell's demon and the thermodynamics of computation
在兰道尔和班尼特之后，人们普遍认为测量过程不涉及最小熵成本，但是在将计算机的存储寄存器重置为零时擦除信息需要将热量散发到环境中。这一论点最近在厄曼和诺顿的一篇由两部分组成的文章中受到挑战。我回顾了计算热力学中的一些相关观察，并认为厄曼和诺顿是错误的：原则上没有熵成本获取信息，但信息的破坏确实涉及一个不可约的熵成本。
Maxwell demon with anti-decoherence
本文利用两个耦合量子比特作为奥托热机工作物质，提出相互测量可增强相干性，从而将负功输出转变为正功，并以麦克斯韦妖图像解释其机制。
Information driven current in a quantum Maxwell demon
我们描述了一个服从哈密顿动力学的量子麦克斯韦妖的极小模型。对模型进行了精确求解，并分析了其稳态行为。我们发现，写入信息的量子存储器诱导概率电流通过恶魔，这是经典麦克斯韦恶魔的行动的量子模拟。我们的模型为研究量子信息处理的热力学提供了一个简单的教学范例。
This paper provides an overview of the first experimental realizations of quantum-mechanical Maxwell's demons based on superconducting circuits. The principal results of these experiments are recalled and put into context. We highlight the versatility offered by superconducting circuits for studying quantum thermodynamics.
A friendly guide to exorcising Maxwell's demon
本文以教程形式全面概述了麦克斯韦妖的诞生、影响及其被驱除的历史，探讨了其在热力学、信息论与量子力学等跨学科领域的持久启发意义。
The long-standing paradigm of Maxwell's demon is till nowadays a frequently investigated issue, which still provides interesting insights into basic physical questions. Considering a single-electron transistor, where we implement a Maxwell demon by a piecewise-constant feedback protocol, we investigate quantum implications of the Maxwell demon. To this end, we harness a dynamical coarse-graining method, which provides a convenient and accurate description of the system dynamics even for high measurement rates. In doing so, we are able to investigate the Maxwell demon in a quantum-Zeno regime l…
The Physics of Maxwell's demon and information
麦克斯韦恶魔诞生于1867年，至今仍在现代物理学中蓬勃发展。他在阐明两个理论之间的联系方面发挥了重要作用：热力学和信息。在这里，我们介绍了恶魔的历史和热力学第二定律的各种有趣的后果，主要是在量子力学，但也在引力理论。我们还强调了一些最近的工作，探讨信息的作用，照亮麦克斯韦的恶魔，在舞台上的量子信息理论。
We revisit quantum Maxwell demon in thermodynamic feedback cycle in the steady-state regime. We derive a generalized version of the Clausius inequality for a finite-time steady feedback cycle with a single heat bath. It is shown to be tighter than previously known ones, and allows us to clarify that feedback control is necessary to violate the standard Clausius inequality.
It is demonstrated that Maxwell's demon can be used to allow a machine to extract energy from a heat bath by use of information that is processed by the demon at a remote location. The model proposed here effectively replaces transmission of energy by transmission of information. For that we use a feedback protocol that enables a net gain by stimulating emission in selected fluctuations around thermal equilibrium. We estimate the down conversion rate and the efficiency of energy extraction from the heat bath.
Maxwell's demon is the quintessential example of information control, which is necessary for designing quantum devices. In thermodynamics, the demon is an intelligent being who utilizes the entropic nature of information to sort excitations between reservoirs, thus lowering the total entropy. So far, implementations of Maxwell's demon have largely been limited to Markovian baths. In our work, we study the degree to which such a demon may be assisted by non-Markovian effects using a superconducting circuit platform. The setup is two baths connected by a demon-controlled qutrit interface, allowi…
We introduce a Maxwell demon which generates many-body entanglement robustly against bit-flip noises, which allows us to obtain quantum advantage. Adopting the protocol of the voter model used for opinion dynamics approaching consensus, the demon randomly selects a qubit pair and performs a quantum feedback control, in continuous repetitions. We derive upper bounds of the entropy reduction and the work extraction rates by demon's operation, which are determined by a competition between the quantum-classical mutual information acquired by the demon and the absolute irreversibility of the feedba…
Jarzynski Equality with Maxwell's Demon
本文提出了一个新的热力学等式和几个关于含麦克斯韦妖等温过程功与信息关系的不等式。我们的方法是基于制定一个la Jarzynski的热力学引擎和量子信息理论表征的恶魔。每个不等式的下限，这是由恶魔的信息增益和恶魔的测量精度表示，给出了最小的工作，可以在一个单一的热浴在等温过程中进行。这些结果是独立的恶魔的状态，无论是在热力学平衡或不。
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