具有吸引玻色子的量子多体Szilard引擎的优越性
Supremacy of the quantum many-body Szilard engine with attractive bosons
摘要：
在一个经典的思想实验中，西拉德提出了一个热机，其中一个粒子，例如一个原子或一个分子，被限制在一个容器中，与一个单独的热浴相连。该容器可以通过用作活塞的可移动壁分成两个部分。在发动机的单个循环中，可以从颗粒位于活塞的哪一侧的信息中提取功。输出的功符合朗道原理，即擦除一位信息的代价是熵kB ln 2，说明了功、热和信息之间的基本关系。在这里，我们将Szilard引擎的概念应用于完全相互作用的量子多体系统。我们发现，一个工作介质的一些玻色子（大于或等于两个）有吸引力的相互作用显然优于其他先前讨论的设置。与经典情况形成鲜明对比的是，我们发现平均功输出随粒子数的增加而增加。最高的过冲发生在一个小的但有限的温度下，显示了热效应和量子效应之间复杂的相互作用。我们预计，我们的发现将为信息在控制深量子机制中的热力学波动方面的作用提供新的线索，这些机制受到相互作用系统中量子相关性的强烈影响。
英文摘要：
In a classic thought experiment, Szilard suggested a heat engine where a single particle, for example an atom or a molecule, is confined in a container coupled to a single heat bath. The container can be separated into two parts by a moveable wall acting as a piston. In a single cycle of the engine, work can be extracted from the information on which side of the piston the particle resides. The work output is consistent with Landauers principle that the erasure of one bit of information costs the entropy kB ln 2, exemplifying the fundamental relation between work, heat and information. Here we apply the concept of the Szilard engine to a fully interacting quantum many-body system. We find that a working medium of a number of bosons (larger or equal two) with attractive interactions is clearly superior to other previously discussed setups. In sharp contrast to the classical case, we find that the average work output increases with the particle number. The highest overshoot occurs for a small but finite temperature, showing an intricate interplay between thermal and quantum effects. We anticipate that our finding will shed new light on the role of information in controlling thermodynamic fluctuations in the deep quantum regime, which are strongly influenced by quantum correlations in interacting systems.
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