arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1411.5331cs.CVcs.HC
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来自自然场景统计的视觉噪声揭示了人类场景类别表示

Visual Noise from Natural Scene Statistics Reveals Human Scene Category Representations

Stanford University(斯坦福大学)

Michelle R. Greene, Abraham P. Botros, Diane M. Beck, Li Fei-Fei

摘要:

我们的感知既受到自下而上进入我们眼睛的信息的引导,也受到我们对我们将看到的东西的自上而下的期望的引导。虽然自下而上的视觉处理已经被广泛研究,但相对而言,对自上而下的信号知之甚少。在这里,我们描述了REVEAL(通过进化AL出租设想的表示),一种用于可视化观察者对复杂的真实世界场景的内部表示的方法,使我们能够第一次在观察者的头脑中可视化自上而下的信息。REVEAL依赖于解决这个高维问题的两个创新:从自然图像统计中采样的视觉噪声,以及与人类观察者合作以有效获得解决方案的计算机算法。在这项工作中,我们可视化观察员的内部表示的视觉场景类别(街道)使用的实验中,观察员认为自然的视觉噪声和合作的算法,外部化他的内部表示。由于没有场景信息,观察者必须使用他们对目标的内部知识,将其与噪声中的视觉特征进行匹配。我们将重建的图像与真实世界的街道场景图像进行匹配,以增强可视化。重要的是,我们表明,可视化的心理图像可用于预测快速场景检测性能,因为每个观察者对检测与他重建的街道模板最相似的真实世界图像有更快,更准确的反应。这些结果表明,它是可能的,以前无法观察到的心理表征的现实世界的刺激。更广泛地说,揭示提供了一种客观地检查先前私人的主观心理体验内容的一般方法。

英文摘要:

Our perceptions are guided both by the bottom-up information entering our eyes, as well as our top-down expectations of what we will see. Although bottom-up visual processing has been extensively studied, comparatively little is known about top-down signals. Here, we describe REVEAL (Representations Envisioned Via Evolutionary ALgorithm), a method for visualizing an observer's internal representation of a complex, real-world scene, allowing us to, for the first time, visualize the top-down information in an observer's mind. REVEAL rests on two innovations for solving this high dimensional problem: visual noise that samples from natural image statistics, and a computer algorithm that collaborates with human observers to efficiently obtain a solution. In this work, we visualize observers' internal representations of a visual scene category (street) using an experiment in which the observer views the naturalistic visual noise and collaborates with the algorithm to externalize his internal representation. As no scene information was presented, observers had to use their internal knowledge of the target, matching it with the visual features in the noise. We matched reconstructed images with images of real-world street scenes to enhance visualization. Critically, we show that the visualized mental images can be used to predict rapid scene detection performance, as each observer had faster and more accurate responses to detecting real-world images that were the most similar to his reconstructed street templates. These results show that it is possible to visualize previously unobservable mental representations of real world stimuli. More broadly, REVEAL provides a general method for objectively examining the content of previously private, subjective mental experiences.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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