We examine solutions to the classical IKKT matrix model equations in three space-time dimensions. Closed, open and static two-dimensional universes naturally emerge from such models in the commutative limit. We show that tachyonic modes are a generic feature of these cosmological solutions.
We present simple solutions of IKKT-type matrix models describing a quantized homogeneous and isotropic cosmology with $k=-1$, finite density of microstates and a resolved Big Bang. At late times, a linear coasting cosmology $a(t) \propto t$ is obtained, which is remarkably close to observation. The solution consists of two sheets with opposite intrinsic chiralities, which are connected in a Euclidean pre-big bang era.
We review a proposal to obtain an emergent metric space-time and an emergent early universe cosmology from the BFSS matrix model. Some challenges and directions for future research are outlined.
Matrix theory is a proposed non-perturbative definition of superstring theory in which space is emergent. We begin a study of cosmology in the context of matrix theory. Specifically, we show that matrix theory can lead to an emergent non-singular cosmology which, at late times, can be described by an expanding phase of Standard Big Bang cosmology. The horizon problem of Standard Big Bang cosmology is automatically solved. We show that thermal fluctuations in the emergent phase source an approximately scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological perturbations and a scale-invariant spectrum of gravi…
The BFSS matrix model is a suggested non-perturbative definition of string theory. Starting from a thermal state of this matrix model, we show how space and time can emerge dynamically. Results from the IKKT matrix model indicate that the $SO(9)$ symmetry of space is spontaneously broken to $SO(3) \times SO(6)$, with the three-dimensional subspace becoming large. Given this initial state for the universe, we show that cosmological perturbations and gravitational waves with scale-invariant spectra are generated, without the need of postulating an early phase of cosmological inflation. The Big B…
Motivated by cosmological Hartle-Hawking and microcanonical density matrix prescriptions for the quantum state of the Universe we develop Schwinger-Keldysh in-in formalism for generic nonequilibrium dynamical systems with the initial density matrix. We build the generating functional of in-in Green's functions and expectation values for a generic density matrix of the Gaussian type and show that the requirement of particle interpretation selects a distinguished set of positive/negative frequency basis functions of the wave operator of the theory, which is determined by the density matrix param…
We propose a way to obtain holographic cosmology models for 3+1 dimensional cosmologies vs. 3 dimensional field theories from a "dimensional reduction" procedure, obtained by integrating over the time direction, of (modifed) standard holographic duals of 3+1 dimensional field theories. The example of a modified ${\cal N}=4$ SYM vs. $AdS_5\times S^5$ is presented, and in perturbation theory doesn't match observations, though at strong coupling it might. But the proposed mechanism is more general, and it could in principle be applied to other top down holographic models.
In this paper we construct a stringy embedding of the dark bubble model of an expanding 4D cosmology with the help of branes rotating in extra dimensions. The universe rides a bubble which has nucleated in an unstable higher dimensional background. Our construction is therefore a string theoretical realization of Vilenkin's quantum cosmology. While the cosmological constant vanishes at lowest order, loop corrections predicted by the Weak Gravity Conjecture can induce a phenomenologically viable value. The model predicts the existence of large extra dimensions compatible with observational cons…
We describe inflation in terms of a time dependent quantum density matrix with time playing the role of a stochastic variable. Using a quasi-de Sitter model we compute the corresponding quantum Fisher information function as the second derivative of the relative entanglement entropy for the density matrix at two different times. Employing standard quantum estimation theory we evaluate the minimal variance of quantum scalar fluctuations that reproduces the power spectrum and the corresponding tilt in the slow roll limit. The Jeffreys prior associated with such Fisher information can be used to …
In this paper we describe in detail how to solve the problems of pre-inflationary cosmology within the holographic cosmology model of McFadden and Skenderis \cite{McFadden:2009fg}. The solutions of the smoothness and horizon problems, the flatness problem, the entropy and perturbation problems and the baryon asymmetry problem are shown, and the mechanisms for them complement the inflationary solutions. Most of the paper is devoted to the solution of the monopole relic problem, through a detailed calculation of 2-loop correlators of currents in a toy model which we perform in $d$ dimensions, in…
We consider a $D$-dimensional cosmological model with a dilaton field and two $(D-d-1)$-form field strengths which have nonvanishing fluxes in extra dimensions. Exact solutions for the model with a certain set of couplings are obtained by separation of three variables. Some of the solutions describe accelerating expansion of the $d$-dimensional space. Quantum cosmological aspects of the model are also briefly mentioned.