arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 1409.3258quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
收藏

作为小尺度热力学资源的随机独立性

Stochastic independence as a resource in small-scale thermodynamics

Matteo Lostaglio, Markus P. Mueller, Michele Pastena

摘要:

在热力学中众所周知,相关性的产生需要功。因此,如果热力学变换A->B是不可能的,那么在把A送到B的过程中还关联了一些辅助系统C的任何变换也是不可能的,这似乎是一个不言而喻的道理。令人惊讶的是,我们表明,这不是微观系统的非平衡态热力学的情况。相反,相关性的建立极大地扩展了可访问状态的集合,以至于我们可以在单个系统上执行任何变换,而这些变换只有在涉及的系统数量非常大的情况下才有可能在Single Shot中执行。我们还表明,人们只需要在少量的辅助系统(永远不超过三个)之间创建一个消失的少量的相关性(通过互信息测量)。微观热力学的许多严格的限制被简化为唯一的要求,即非平衡自由能在相变中减小。这表明,在原则上,等于系统自由能的功的可靠提取可以由微观引擎执行。

英文摘要:

It is well-known in thermodynamics that the creation of correlations costs work. It seems then a truism that if a thermodynamic transformation A->B is impossible, so will be any transformation that in sending A to B also correlates among them some auxiliary systems C. Surprisingly, we show that this is not the case for non-equilibrium thermodynamics of microscopic systems. On the contrary, the creation of correlations greatly extends the set of accessible states, to the point that we can perform on individual systems and in a single shot any transformation that would otherwise be possible only if the number of systems involved was very large. We also show that one only ever needs to create a vanishingly small amount of correlations (as measured by mutual information) among a small number of auxiliary systems (never more than three). The many, severe constraints of microscopic thermodynamics are reduced to the sole requirement that the non-equilibrium free energy decreases in the transformation. This shows that, in principle, reliable extraction of work equal to the free energy of a system can be performed by microscopic engines.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑