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arXiv 1408.6840astro-ph.HEgr-qc
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脉冲星间距离微小变化对脉冲星定时阵列随机引力波背景搜索的影响

The effect of small inter-pulsar distance variations in stochastic gravitational wave background searches with Pulsar Timing Arrays

Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, Trevor Sidery

摘要:

脉冲星定时阵列的主要目标之一是探测由引力波非相干叠加产生的随机背景,特别是来自宇宙中的超大质量黑洞双星。目前的随机背景搜索假设PTA中的恒星彼此分离,并与地球分离许多GW波长。随着越来越多的毫秒级射电望远镜被发现并添加到PTA中,一些射电望远镜可能仅被几个辐射波长或更少的波长分开,从而导致阵列中的近距离射电望远镜之间的相关GW相位变化。在这里,我们调查如何PTA重叠减少功能(ORF),四极杆顺序,这些额外的相关相位变化的影响,以及他们如何反过来又受到影响放松的假设,即所有的恒星是等距的太阳系重心。我们发现,在低频GW的背景限制$f\sim10^{-9}$ ~Hz,并在不同的距离从地球的脉冲星,这些额外的相关性只影响了几个百分点的ORF脉冲星对在大的角间距,如预期的。然而,当附近(100 pc量级)的双星相隔小于几度时,相关的相位变化可以在各向同性ORF的幅度中引入百分之几十的变化,并且在各向异性ORF中引入大得多的分数差异-对于相隔3度的等距双星,在$m=0$、$l=2$ ORF中高达188。事实上,大多数各向异性ORF的幅度在小但非零的脉冲星间隔时最大。最后,我们写下了一个小角度近似的相关相位变化,可以很容易地在搜索管道中实现,并为完整性,检查的行为的ORF的太阳位于从地球的辐射波长。

英文摘要:

One of the primary objectives for Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is to detect a stochastic background generated by the incoherent superposition of gravitational waves (GWs), in particular from the cosmic population of supermassive black hole binaries. Current stochastic background searches assume that pulsars in a PTA are separated from each other and the Earth by many GW wavelengths. As more millisecond pulsars are discovered and added to PTAs, some may be separated by only a few radiation wavelengths or less, resulting in correlated GW phase changes between close pulsars in the array. Here we investigate how PTA overlap reduction functions (ORFs), up to quadrupole order, are affected by these additional correlated phase changes, and how they are in turn affected by relaxing the assumption that all pulsars are equidistant from the solar system barycenter. We find that in the low frequency GW background limit of $f\sim10^{-9}$~Hz, and for pulsars at varying distances from the Earth, that these additional correlations only affect the ORFs by a few percent for pulsar pairs at large angular separations, as expected. However when nearby (order 100 pc) pulsars are separated by less than a few degrees, the correlated phase changes can introduce variations of a few tens of percent in the magnitude of the isotropic ORF, and much larger fractional differences in the anisotropic ORFs-- up to 188 in the $m=0$, $l=2$ ORF for equidistant pulsars separated by 3 degrees. In fact, the magnitude of most of the anisotropic ORFs is largest at small, but non-zero, pulsar separations. Finally, we write down a small angle approximation for the correlated phase changes which can easily be implemented in search pipelines, and for completeness, examine the behavior of the ORFs for pulsars which lie at a radiation wavelength from the Earth.

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