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arXiv 1408.6282cs.DScs.SI
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基于草图的影响力最大化和计算:保证的扩展

Sketch-based Influence Maximization and Computation: Scaling up with Guarantees

Edith Cohen, Daniel Delling, Thomas Pajor, Renato F. Werneck

摘要:

通过网络传播传染是一个基本过程。它被用来模拟信息、影响力或病毒感染的传播。扩散模式可以由概率模型(如独立级联(IC))指定,或由一组代表性迹线捕获。扩散研究中的基本计算问题是影响查询(确定指定节点种子集的效力)和影响力最大化(确定给定大小的最有影响力的种子集)。搜索每个影响查询涉及许多边遍历,并且当在非常大的图上存在许多查询时不会缩放。影响力最大化的黄金标准是贪心算法,它迭代地向种子集添加一个节点,使影响力的边际增益最大化。Greedy有一个至少为(1-1/e)的保证近似比,并且实际上产生一个节点序列,每个前缀都有关于相同大小的最优近似保证。由于Greedy不能扩展到超过几百万条边,因此对于较大的输入,目前必须使用为预先指定的小种子集大小设计的算法或替代算法。我们开发了一种新的基于草图的影响力计算设计。我们的贪婪基于草图的影响力最大化(SKIM)算法可扩展到具有数十亿条边的图形,与最好的贪婪方法相比具有一到两个数量级的加速。它仍然有一个保证的近似比,在实践中,它的质量几乎与精确贪婪匹配。我们还提出了影响预言机,它使用线性时间预处理来为每个节点生成一个小草图,允许任何种子集的影响从其节点的草图中快速得到回答。

英文摘要:

Propagation of contagion through networks is a fundamental process. It is used to model the spread of information, influence, or a viral infection. Diffusion patterns can be specified by a probabilistic model, such as Independent Cascade (IC), or captured by a set of representative traces. Basic computational problems in the study of diffusion are influence queries (determining the potency of a specified seed set of nodes) and Influence Maximization (identifying the most influential seed set of a given size). Answering each influence query involves many edge traversals, and does not scale when there are many queries on very large graphs. The gold standard for Influence Maximization is the greedy algorithm, which iteratively adds to the seed set a node maximizing the marginal gain in influence. Greedy has a guaranteed approximation ratio of at least (1-1/e) and actually produces a sequence of nodes, with each prefix having approximation guarantee with respect to the same-size optimum. Since Greedy does not scale well beyond a few million edges, for larger inputs one must currently use either heuristics or alternative algorithms designed for a pre-specified small seed set size. We develop a novel sketch-based design for influence computation. Our greedy Sketch-based Influence Maximization (SKIM) algorithm scales to graphs with billions of edges, with one to two orders of magnitude speedup over the best greedy methods. It still has a guaranteed approximation ratio, and in practice its quality nearly matches that of exact greedy. We also present influence oracles, which use linear-time preprocessing to generate a small sketch for each node, allowing the influence of any seed set to be quickly answered from the sketches of its nodes.

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