Kun Hao, Junpeng Cao, Tao Yang, Wen-Li Yang
The XXX Gaudin model with generic integrable boundaries specified by the most general non-diagonal K-matrices is studied by the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method. The eigenvalues of the associated Gaudin operators and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations are obtained.
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We implement fully the algebraic Bethe ansatz for the XXX Heisenberg spin chain in the case when both boundary matrices can be brought to the upper-triangular form. We define the Bethe vectors which yield the strikingly simple expression for the off shell action of the transfer matrix, deriving the spectrum and the corresponding Bethe equations. We explore further these results by obtaining the off shell action of the generating function of the Gaudin Hamiltonians on the Bethe vectors through the so-called quasi-classical limit.
We consider the XXX spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg chain on the circle with an arbitrary twist. We characterize its spectral problem using the modified algebraic Bethe anstaz and study the scalar product between the Bethe vector and its dual. We obtain modified Slavnov and Gaudin-Korepin formulas for the model. Thus we provide a first example of such formulas for quantum integrable models without ${\rm U}(1)$ symmetry characterized by an inhomogenous Baxter T-Q equation.
We consider the isotropic spin$-\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg chain with the most general integrable boundaries. The scalar product between the on-shell Bethe vector and its off-shell dual, obtained by means of the modified algebraic Bethe ansatz, is given by a modified Slavnov formula. The corresponding Gaudin-Korepin formula, \textit{i.e.}, the square of the norm, is also obtained.
Large N limit of spectral duality between the classical XXX spin chain and the rational reduced Gaudin model
本文研究经典$\mathfrak{gl}_M$ XXX自旋链与有理约化$\mathfrak{gl}_N$三角Gaudin模型谱对偶的大N极限，基于非交换环面代数构造无穷维Gaudin模型，推导得到对偶的大N极限XXX自旋链形式。
The implementation of the algebraic Bethe ansatz for the XXZ Heisenberg spin chain, of arbitrary spin-$s$, in the case, when both reflection matrices have the upper-triangular form is analyzed. The general form of the Bethe vectors is studied. In the particular form, Bethe vectors admit the recurrent procedure, with an appropriate modification, used previously in the case of the XXX Heisenberg chain. As expected, these Bethe vectors yield the strikingly simple expression for the off-shell action of the transfer matrix of the chain as well as the spectrum of the transfer matrix and the correspo…
Applying the Pasquier-Gaudin procedure we construct the Baxter's Q-operator for the homogeneous XXX model as integral operator in standard representation of SL(2). The connection between Q-operator and local Hamiltonians is discussed. It is shown that operator of Lipatov's duality symmetry arises naturally as leading term of the asymptotic expansion of Q-operator for large values of spectral parameter.
Following Sklyanin's proposal in the periodic case, we derive the generating function of the Gaudin Hamiltonians with boundary terms. Our derivation is based on the quasi-classical expansion of the linear combination of the transfer matrix of the XXX Heisenberg spin chain and the central element, the so-called Sklyanin determinant. The corresponding Gaudin Hamiltonians with boundary terms are obtained as the residues of the generating function. By defining the appropriate Bethe vectors which yield strikingly simple off shell action of the generating function, we fully implement the algebraic B…
The XXZ Gaudin model with {\it generic} integerable boundaries specified by generic {\it non-diagonal} K-matrices is studied. The commuting families of Gaudin operators are diagonalized by the algebraic Bethe ansatz method. The eigenvalues and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations are obtained.
Exact solution of the Izergin-Korepin Gaudin model with periodic and open boundaries
针对周期与开放可积边界下的 Izergin-Korepin Gaudin 模型，本文采用 Bethe ansatz 给出 Gaudin 算子本征值及对应方程。
We analyze the ground state of the open spin-1/2 isotropic quantum spin chain with a non-diagonal boundary term using a recently proposed Bethe ansatz solution. As the coefficient of the non-diagonal boundary term tends to zero, the Bethe roots split evenly into two sets: those that remain finite, and those that become infinite. We argue that the former satisfy conventional Bethe equations, while the latter satisfy a generalization of the Richardson-Gaudin equations. We derive an expression for the leading correction to the boundary energy in terms of the boundary parameters.
We consider the XXX homogeneous Gaudin system with $N$ sites, both in classical and the quantum case. In particular we show that a suitable limiting procedure for letting the poles of its Lax matrix collide can be used to define new families of Liouville integrals (in the classical case) and new "Gaudin" algebras (in the quantum case). We will especially treat the case of total collisions, that gives rise to (a generalization of) the so called Bending flows of Kapovich and Millson. Some aspects of multi-Poisson geometry will be addressed (in the classical case). We will make use of properties …
We present a general method of folding an integrable spin chain, defined on a line, to obtain an integrable open spin chain, defined on a half-line. We illustrate our method through two fundamental models with sl(2) Lie algebra symmetry: the Heisenberg XXX and the Inozemtsev hyperbolic spin chains. We obtain new long-range boundary Hamiltonians and demonstrate that they exhibit Yangian symmetries, thus ensuring integrability of the models we obtain. The method presented provides a "bottom-up" approach for constructing integrable boundaries and can be applied to any spin chain model.
In this work we present a determinant expression for the domain-wall boundary condition partition function of rational (XXX) Richardson-Gaudin models which, in addition to $N-1$ spins $\frac{1}{2}$, contains one arbitrarily large spin $S$. The proposed determinant representation is written in terms of a set of variables which, from previous work, are known to define eigenstates of the quantum integrable models belonging to this class as solutions to quadratic Bethe equations. Such a determinant can be useful numerically since systems of quadratic equations are much simpler to solve than the us…
In this work we demonstrate a simple way to implement the quantum inverse scattering method to find eigenstates of spin-1/2 XXX Gaudin magnets in an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field. The procedure differs vastly from the most natural approach which would be to simply orient the spin quantisation axis in the same direction as the magnetic field through an appropriate rotation. Instead, we define a modified realisation of the rational Gaudin algebra and use the quantum inverse scattering method which allows us, within a slightly modified implementation, to build an algebraic Bethe ansatz usin…
We propose a generalization of the algebraic Bethe ansatz to obtain the eigenvectors of the Heisenberg spin chain with general boundaries associated to the eigenvalues and the Bethe equations found recently by Cao et al. The ansatz takes the usual form of a product of operators acting on a particular vector except that the number of operators is equal to the length of the chain. We prove this result for the chains with small length. We obtain also an off-shell equation (i.e. satisfied without the Bethe equations) formally similar to the ones obtained in the periodic case or with diagonal bound…
We discuss a generalised version of Sklyanin's Boundary Quantum Inverse Scattering Method applied to the spin-1/2, trigonometric sl(2) case, for which both the twisted-periodic and boundary constructions are obtained as limiting cases. We then investigate the quasi-classical limit of this approach leading to a set of mutually commuting conserved operators which we refer to as the trigonometric, spin-1/2 Richardson-Gaudin system. We prove that the rational limit of the set of conserved operators for the trigonometric system is equivalent, through a change of variables, rescaling, and a basis tr…
In this work we construct the eigenstates of the most general spin-1/2 Richardson-Gaudin model integrable in an external magnetic field. This includes the possibility for fully anisotropic XYZ coupling such that the $S^x_iS^x_j$, $S^y_iS^y_j$ and $S^z_iS^z_j$ terms all have distinct coupling strengths. While insuring that integrability is maintained in the presence of an external field excludes the elliptic XYZ model which is only integrable at zero field, this work still covers a wide class of fully anisotropic (XYZ) models associated with non skew-symmetric r-matrices. The eigenstates, as co…
For the integrable higher-spin XXX and XXZ spin chains we present multiple-integral representations for the correlation function of an arbitrary product of Hermitian elementary matrices in the massless ground state. We give a formula expressing it by a single term of multiple integrals. In particular, we explicitly derive the emptiness formation probability (EFP). We assume $2s$-strings for the ground-state solution of the Bethe ansatz equations for the spin-$s$ XXZ chain, and solve the integral equations for the spin-$s$ Gaudin matrix. In terms of the XXZ coupling $Δ$ we define $ζ$ by $Δ=\cos…
We study solutions of the Bethe ansatz equation for the XXZ-type integrable model associated with the Lie algebra sl_N. We give a correspondence between solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations and collections of quasi-polynomials. This extends the results of E.Mukhin and A.Varchenko for the XXX-type model and the trigonometric Gaudin model.
In this work we demonstrate how one can, in a generic approach, derive a set of $N$ simple quadratic Bethe equations for integrable Richardson-Gaudin (RG) models built out of $N$ spins-1/2. These equations depend only on the $N$ eigenvalues of the various conserved charges so that any solution of these equations defines, indirectly through the corresponding set of eigenvalues, one particular eigenstate. The proposed construction covers the full class of integrable RG models of the XYZ (including the subclasses of XXZ and XXX models) type realised in terms of spins-1/2, coupled with one another…
We introduce a generalization of the original Coordinate Bethe Ansatz that allows to treat the case of open spin chains with non-diagonal boundary matrices. We illustrate it on two cases: the XXX and XXZ chains. Short review on a joint work with N. Crampe (L2C) and D. Simon (LPMA), see arXiv:1009.4119, arXiv:1105.4119 and arXiv:1106.3264.
In this note we construct Q-operators for the spin s open Heisenberg XXX chain with diagonal boundaries in the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method. Following the algebraic Bethe ansatz we diagonalise the introduced Q-operators using the fundamental commutation relations. By acting on Bethe off-shell states and explicitly evaluating the trace in the auxiliary space we compute the eigenvalues of the Q-operators in terms of Bethe roots and show that the unwanted terms vanish if the Bethe equations are satisfied.
In this article we study the thermodynamic limit of the form factors of the XXX Heisenberg spin chain using the algebraic Bethe ansatz approach. Our main goal is to express the form factors for the low-lying excited states as determinants of matrices that remain finite dimensional in the thermodynamic limit. We show how to treat all types of the complex roots of the Bethe equations within this framework. In particular we demonstrate that the Gaudin determinant for the higher level Bethe equations arises naturally from the algebraic Bethe ansatz.
We consider the XXX-type and Gaudin quantum integrable models associated with the Lie algebra $gl_N$. The models are defined on a tensor product irreducible $gl_N$-modules. For each model, there exist $N$ one-parameter families of commuting operators on the tensor product, called the transfer matrices. We show that the Bethe vectors for these models, given by the algebraic nested Bethe ansatz are eigenvectors of higher transfer matrices and compute the corresponding eigenvalues.
Tensor-Network Analysis of Root Patterns in the XXX Model with Open Boundaries
利用张量网络算法与Bethe-Ansatz技术，研究非对角开放边界各向同性海森堡自旋链中零根和Bethe根的分布模式，并提取物理量。
On Bethe eigenvectors and higher transfer matrices for supersymmetric spin chains
本文研究了$\mathfrak{gl}_{m|n}$ XXX超对称自旋链，证明了在壳Bethe向量是高阶转移矩阵的特征向量并计算出对应特征值，从而证实了先前文献的猜想并将已有结果扩展至超对称情形及其经典极限下的Gaudin模型。
Spectrum-preserving deformations of integrable spin chains with open boundaries
本文发现了一族保持Bethe Ansatz方程不变的局域形变（iso-BAE流），使强相互作用量子多体系统的部分能谱在涌现对称性保护下保持不变，并详细探讨了该流在${\ m XXX}_{1/2}$等可积自旋链模型中的特性。
We solve the longstanding problem to define a functional characterization of the spectrum of the transfer matrix associated to the most general spin-1/2 representations of the 6-vertex reflection algebra for general inhomogeneous chains. The corresponding homogeneous limit reproduces the spectrum of the Hamiltonian of the spin-1/2 open XXZ and XXX quantum chains with the most general integrable boundaries. The spectrum is characterized by a second order finite difference functional equation of Baxter type with an inhomogeneous term which vanishes only for some special but yet interesting non-d…
In our recent paper we suggested a natural construction of the classical relativistic integrable tops in terms of the quantum $R$-matrices. Here we study the simplest case -- the 11-vertex $R$-matrix and related ${\rm gl}_2$ rational models. The corresponding top is equivalent to the 2-body Ruijsenaars-Schneider (RS) or the 2-body Calogero-Moser (CM) model depending on its description. We give different descriptions of the integrable tops and use them as building blocks for construction of more complicated integrable systems such as Gaudin models and classical spin chains (periodic and with bo…
Spin-$s$ $Q$-systems: Twist and Open Boundaries
本研究利用有理Q系统系统分析了具有扭曲和开放边界条件的自旋-s XXX链，验证了系统完备性，发现了隐藏对称性与磁弦等新现象，为对称性与边界条件的相互作用提供新见解。
Using the algebraic Bethe ansatz, we derive a matrix product representation of the exact Bethe-ansatz states of the six-vertex Heisenberg chain (either XXX or XXZ and spin-$\frac{1}{2}$) with open boundary conditions. In this representation, the components of the Bethe eigenstates are expressed as traces of products of matrices which act on a tensor product of auxiliary spaces. As compared to the matrix product states of the same Heisenberg chain but with periodic boundary conditions, the dimension of the exact auxiliary matrices is enlarged as if the conserved number of spin-flips considered …
Exact solution of an integrable non-equilibrium particle system
本文精确求解了由非紧致XXX模型衍生的可积边界驱动粒子系统，通过对偶吸收过程和量子逆散射方法获得闭式阶乘矩，证明热力学极限下趋近局部平衡，并构造稳态与平衡测度的直接映射。
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