We investigate the physical properties of molecular hydrogen (H2) in isolated and interacting disk galaxies with different masses and Hubble types by using chemodynamical simulations with H2 formation on dust grains and dust growth and destruction in interstellar medium (ISM). We particularly focus on the dependences of H2 gas mass fractions (f_H2), spatial distributions of HI and H2, and local H2-scaling relations on initial halo masses (M_h), baryonic fractions (f_bary), gas mass fractions (f_g), and Hubble types. The principal results are as follows. The final f_H2 can be larger in disk galaxies with higher M_h, f_bary, and f_g. Some low-mass disk models with M_h smaller than 10^10 M_sun show extremely low f_H2 and thus no/little star formation, even if initial f_g is quite large (>0.9). Big galactic bulges can severely suppress the formation of H2 from HI on dust grains whereas strong stellar bars can not only enhance f_H2 but also be responsible for the formation of H2-dominated central rings. The projected radial distributions of H2 are significantly more compact than those of HI and the simulated radial profiles of H2-to-HI-ratios (R_mol) follow roughly R^-1.5 in MW-type disk models. Galaxy interaction can significantly increase f_H2 and total H2 mass in disk galaxies. The local surface mass densities of H2 can be correlated with those of dust in a galaxy. The observed correlation between R_mol and gas pressure (R_mol ~ P_g^0.92) can be well reproduced in the simulated disk galaxies.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: The M_BH-Host Relations at 0.2<z<0.6 from Reverberation Mapping and Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
Impacts of hydrogen envelope on supernova fallback and the resulting compact remnant masses
The University of Tokyo(东京大学);Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University(京都大学汤川理论物理研究所);RIKEN(理化学研究所);Monash University(蒙纳士大学);Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo(东京大学宇宙射线研究所);Tohoku University(东北大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台)
METAL: The Metal Evolution, Transport, and Abundance in the Large Magellanic Cloud Hubble program. I. Overview and Initial Results
大麦哲伦星云中的金属演化、运输和消耗(Metal Evolution,Transport,and Abdeletion in the LMC,简称METAL)是哈勃太空望远镜上的一个大型第24周期计划,旨在测量大麦云(LMC)中半太阳金属丰度的尘埃消光特性和星际消耗。101轨道计划包括对33颗1150 A和3180 A之间的LMC大质量恒星的COS和STIS光谱,以及7个NUV-NIR滤波器的并行WFC 3成像。从光谱获得的气相中的硅的分数(耗尽)随着氢柱密度的增加而减少。硅的耗尽模式在银河系、大麦哲伦星云和SMC之间不同,硅的耗尽水平几乎完全抵消了金属丰度的差异,导致在给定的氢柱密度下,这些星系中的气相丰度恒定。硅耗尽与绝对选择性消光R $_V$呈线性相关,表明气体耗尽与尘埃粒度之间存在联系。消光图来自于并行成像中的恒星测光,可以与赫歇尔和斯皮策的FIR图像进行比较,以估计LMC金属丰度下尘埃的发射率。完整的METAL样品的消耗,紫外消光曲线和消光图将告知LMC中尘埃颗粒的丰度,大小,成分和光学性质,全面提高我们对尘埃性质的理解,以及估计附近和高红移星系中尘埃气体质量,恒星形成率和历史的准确性。这篇综述性论文描述了METAL调查的目标、设计、数据简化和初步结果。
COSMOS-Web: Star formation along the early Hubble sequence and the evolution of dust over the redshift range 0<z<12
Cardiff University(卡迪夫大学);Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学);University of Western Australia(西澳大利亚大学);Royal Observatory of Edinburgh(爱丁堡皇家天文台)
Hubble Space Telescope proper motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular clusters. IV. Kinematic profiles and average masses of blue straggler stars
How robustly can we constrain the low-mass end of the $z\sim6-7$ stellar mass function? -- The limits of lensing models and stellar population assumptions in the Hubble Frontier Fields
Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry of the Metal-Poor Visual Binary $μ$ Cassiopeiae: Dynamical Masses, Helium Content, and Age
仙后座$μ$(英语:$μ$ Cassiopeiae)是一颗近距离、高速、贫金属($\rm[Fe/H]=-0.81$)的目视双星。我们已经使用了高分辨率的成像与哈勃太空望远镜(HST),获得了近二十年,以确定周期(21.568年)和精确的轨道要素。结合已发表的地面和空间天体测量学,我们确定了$μ$ Cas的两个组成部分的动力学质量:$0.7440\pm0.0122\,M_\odot$为G5 V主星,$0.1728\pm0.0035\,M_\odot$为其暗淡的dM伴星。我们没有发现显着的扰动,在HST天体测量由于系统中的第三个机构。我们计划的主要目的是借助恒星模型确定缺金属主星$μ$ Cas A的氦含量和年龄。虽然我们现在有了一个精确的质量,但其他参数仍然存在不确定性,包括其有效温度。此外,重新审查档案干涉观测导致怀疑的角直径被高估了百分之几。在绝对星等与色平面上,$μ$ Cas A比球状星团47的主序星温度稍低,亮度也稍高;这可能意味着它的氦含量较低,和/或较老,和/或金属丰度较高。我们对$μ$ Cas A的氦含量和年龄的最佳估计是$Y=0.255\pm0.014$和$12.7\pm2.7$ Gyr-使$μ$ Cas可能是天空中肉眼可见的最古老的恒星。对系统的绝对视差、$μ$ Cas A的有效温度及其角直径的改进测量将提供更严格的约束。
A Hubble Space Telescope Survey of the Host Galaxies of Superluminous Supernovae
我们目前的哈勃太空望远镜(HST)的WFC 3紫外和近红外(nIR)成像的21个超亮超新星(SLSNe)的主机星系,提供了一个敏感的探头的恒星形成和恒星质量的主机。通过与核塌缩超新星(CCSNe)和长时伽马射线暴(LGRB)的光度和形态特征比较,我们发现SLSN宿主星系在紫外和近红外波段都更暗、更致密,在某些情况下我们几乎不能恢复MV ~-14附近的绝对星等。此外,地面光学观测和档案的结果,我们产生的光谱能量分布(SED)适合这些主机,并表明SLSN主机具有较低的恒星质量和恒星形成率。这在缺乏氢的I型SLSN宿主星系中最为明显,尽管II型富氢SLSN宿主星系与CCSNe的主体星系仍然不同,跨越了非常宽的绝对星等范围,其中约30%的SLSNe-II来自比Mn I R ~-14更暗的星系。我们最微弱的SLSN主机的检测增加的信心,SLSNe-I主机是不同的LGRB的恒星形成率和恒星质量,并表明,金属丰度的明显相似性可能是由于有限的部分主机的发射线金属丰度测量是可行的。SLSN-II宿主的广泛光度范围很难通过金属丰度削减来描述,并且与任何合理的紫外加权光度函数的预期不匹配,这表明可能需要额外的环境限制来产生富含氢的SLSNe。