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arXiv 1407.4290quant-ph
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非平衡环境中的稳态量子相干性

Steady quantum coherence in non-equilibrium environment

Sheng-Wen Li, C. Y. Cai, C. P. Sun

摘要:

研究了由两个不同温度的独立热池组成的三能级系统与非平衡环境接触时的稳态。我们推导出一个主方程来描述系统的非平衡过程。对于具有两个偶极跃迁的三能级系统,$Λ$型和V型的量子相干性,我们发现非平衡环境中两个跃迁的干涉可以产生非零的稳态量子相干性,即稳态密度矩阵(能量表象)中存在非零的非对角项.此外,非零的非对角项增加的两个热浴的温差。这种跃迁的干扰通常被久期近似忽略,因为人们通常认为它们只对短时间行为起作用,而不影响稳态。在这里,我们表明,在非平衡系统中,这样的省略将导致忽略的稳态量子相干性。

英文摘要:

We study the steady state of a three-level system in contact with a non-equilibrium environment, which is composed of two independent heat baths at different temperatures. We derive a master equation to describe the non-equilibrium process of the system. For the three level systems with two dipole transitions, i.e., the $Λ$-type and V-type, we find that the interferences of two transitions in a non-equilibrium environment can give rise to non-vanishing steady quantum coherence, namely, there exist non-zero off-diagonal terms in the steady state density matrix (in the energy representation). Moreover, the non-vanishing off-diagonal terms increase with the temperature difference of the two heat baths. Such interferences of the transitions were usually omitted by secular approximation, for it was usually believed that they only take effect in short time behavior and do not affect the steady state. Here we show that, in non-equilibrium systems, such omission would lead to the neglect of the steady quantum coherence.

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