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arXiv 1407.2045astro-ph.EP
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2005-2012年中型土星卫星的Cassini ISS互事件天体测量

Cassini ISS Mutual Event Astrometry of the Mid-sized Saturnian Satellites 2005-2012

N. J. Cooper, C. D. Murray, V. Lainey, R. Tajeddine, M. W. Evans, G. A. Williams

摘要:

我们目前的土星卫星土卫一,土卫二,土卫三,土卫四和土卫五的天文观测卡西尼成像科学子系统(ISS)的窄角相机(NAC)的图像。图像序列的目的是观察这些卫星之间的相互掩星。卫星中心的位置是通过将椭球形状模型与成像卫星的测得边缘拟合来估计的。使用UCAC 2星表计算航天器指向校正。我们总共提供了2303个天体测量观测数据,其中976对是由单个卫星的观测数据组成的。相对于SAT 360星历的单个卫星位置的平均残差在直线方向上为4.3公里,在样本方向上为-2.4公里,标准差分别为5.6公里和7.0公里,与公布的HST观测相比,精度提高了一个数量级。通过考虑卫星间的间隔,可以在很大程度上消除摄像机指向和航天器定位的不确定性以及卫星各个位置的可能偏差,从而与使用各个卫星位置所能达到的精度相比,精度提高了一个数量级。我们展示了与观看几何形状相关的因素如何导致0.28像素的单个位置中的小偏差在整个数据集中变得系统化,并讨论了减少其影响的选项。减少后的天体测量数据是以每颗卫星的个别位置的形式提供的,同时还提供了参考星的测量位置,以便在处理观测数据时有更大的灵活性,同时考虑到边缘拟合技术今后可能取得的进展以及今后可获得的更准确的星表,如来自GAIA飞行任务的星表。

英文摘要:

We present astrometric observations of the Saturnian satellites Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Rhea from Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) narrow-angle camera (NAC) images. Image sequences were designed to observe mutual occultations between these satellites. The positions of satellite centres were estimated by fitting ellipsoidal shape models to the measured limbs of the imaged satellites. Spacecraft pointing corrections were computed using the UCAC2 star catalogue. We provide a total of 2303 astrometric observations, resulting in 976 pairs, the remainder consisting of observations of a single satellite. Mean residuals for the individual satellite positions relative to the SAT360 ephemeris were 4.3 km in the line direction and -2.4 km in the sample direction, with standard deviations of 5.6 and 7.0 km respectively, an order of magnitude improvement in precision compared to published HST observations. By considering inter-satellite separations, uncertainties in camera pointing and spacecraft positioning along with possible biases in the individual positions of the satellites can be largely eliminated, resulting in an order-of-magnitude increase in accuracy compared to that achievable using the individual satellite positions. We show how factors relating to the viewing geometry cause small biases in the individual positions of order 0.28 pixel to become systematic across the dataset as a whole and discuss options for reducing their effects . The reduced astrometric data are provided in the form of individual positions for each satellite, together with the measured positions of reference stars, in order to allow more flexibility in the processing of the observations, taking into account possible future advances in limb-fitting techniques as well as the future availability of more accurate star catalogues, such as those from the GAIA mission.

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