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arXiv 1407.1806cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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量子自旋冰$\rm Pr_2Zr_2O_7$烧绿石的合成、浮区法晶体生长及表征

Synthesis, floating zone crystal growth and characterization of the Quantum Spin Ice $\rm Pr_2Zr_2O_7$ pyrochlore

S. M. Koohpayeh, J. -J. Wen, B. A. Trump, C. L. Broholm, T. M. McQueen

摘要:

研究了焦绿石$\rm Pr^{3+}_{2+x}Zr^{4+}_{2-x}O_{7-x/2}$的粉末$(-0.02 \le x \le 0.02)$和块状单晶样品,以阐明它们的磁性、组成和结构特性对合成和生长条件的依赖性。所有样品的特征在于使用X射线衍射,比热,和直流磁化测量。晶体还研究了使用X射线劳厄技术和扫描电子显微镜。随着Pr含量的增加,$\rm Pr_{2+x}Zr_{2-x}O_{7-x/2}$粉体的晶格常数增大,磁化率和比热发生系统的变化。采用光学浮区技术在高纯氩气气氛下生长了化学计量比高质量的$\rm Pr_2Zr_2O_7$单晶,避免了Pr $^{4+}$的夹杂,限制了Pr的挥发。增加生长速度被发现显着减少Pr蒸发更好地控制化学计量。扫描电子显微镜提供了直接的证据,通过旋转速率是可控的生长过程中的失稳分解。发现3-6 rpm的中间旋转速率产生最佳的微观结构。以1-20 mm/hr的速率生长的晶体的磁化率显示出与Pr蒸发一致的变化。此外,我们报告的地方偏离中心的Pr $^{3+}$离子从理想的烧绿石网站的迹象,类似于已知的三价阳离子在$\rm Bi_2Ti_2O_7$和$\rm La_2Zr_2O_7$。该效应随Pr含量而变化,并从根本上调节低温比热。总之,结果清楚地证明了$\rm Pr_2Zr_2O_7$晶体的生长条件和物理性质之间的重要相关性。

英文摘要:

Pyrochlore $\rm Pr^{3+}_{2+x}Zr^{4+}_{2-x}O_{7-x/2}$ samples in the form of both powders $(-0.02 \le x \le 0.02)$ and bulk single crystals have been studied to elucidate the dependence of their magnetic, compositional and structural properties on synthesis and growth conditions. All samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, specific heat, and DC magnetization measurements. The crystals were also studied using the X-ray Laue technique and scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the Pr content for the $\rm Pr_{2+x}Zr_{2-x}O_{7-x/2}$ powders enlarged the lattice parameter, and resulted in systematic changes in magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. Stoichiometric and high quality single crystals of $\rm Pr_2Zr_2O_7$ were grown using the optical floating zone technique under a high purity static argon atmosphere, to avoid inclusions of Pr$^{4+}$ and limit Pr vaporization. Increasing the growth speed was found to significantly reduce Pr vaporization for better control of stoichiometry. Scanning electron microscopy provided direct evidence of spinodal decomposition during growth that is controllable via rotation rate. An intermediate rotation rate of 3-6 rpm was found to produce the best microstructure. The magnetic susceptibility of crystals grown at rates from 1-20 mm/hr revealed changes that were consistent with Pr vaporization. Further, we report indications of local off-centering of Pr$^{3+}$ ions from the ideal pyrochlore sites, similar to what is known for the trivalent cation in $\rm Bi_2Ti_2O_7$ and $\rm La_2Zr_2O_7$. The effect varies with Pr content and radically modulates the low temperature specific heat. Overall, the results clearly demonstrate important correlations between the growth conditions and physical properties of $\rm Pr_2Zr_2O_7$ crystals.

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